Applied Ethics Final Exam Review
According to proceduralism, we should begin moral inquiry
a. by assuming that morality does not exist unless we can prove that it does.
b. by assuming the truth of our most deeply held moral judgments.
c. by identifying a method for determining right from wrong.
d. only once we have settled contentious political issues. - Question and answersc. by
identifying a method for determining right from wrong.
Contractarianism originated as
a. a sociological theory
b. a psychological theory
c. a political theory
d. a philosophical theory - Question and answersc. a political theory
Contractarianism states that actions are morally right if and only if
a. everyone agrees that they are right.
b. they do not violate any agreements.
c. they do not violate anyone's rights.
d. They are permitted by rules that free, equal, and rational people would agree to live
by. - Question and answersd. They are permitted by rules that free, equal, and rational
people would agree to live by.
Contractarians have traditionally taken the view that people are for the most part
a. vicious and mean-spirited
b. rational and self-interested
c. kind and altruistic
d. irrational and fickle - Question and answersb. rational and self-interested
The founder of modern contractarianism was
a. Immanuel Kant
b. Thomas Hobbes
c. John Stuart Mill
d. Aristotle - Question and answersb. Thomas Hobbes
Hobbes claimed that life in the state of nature would be
a. free and easy.
b. difficult but safe.
c. a war of all against all.
d. characterized by moral virtue. - Question and answersc. a war of all against all.
, According to contractarianism, breaking the law is justified
a. whenever it is in one's self-interest to do so.
b. whenever a law is grossly unjust.
c. whenever the law is unpopular
d. never - Question and answersb. whenever a law is grossly unjust.
According to contractarianism, the state's ultimate purpose is
a. to aid our escape from the state of nature.
b. to make sure everyone is as well off as possible.
c. to punish people who cause harm
d. none of the above - Question and answersa. to aid our escape from the state of
nature.
What is the term for a situation in which everyone is made worse off when all pursue
self-interest ?
a. Paradox of hedonism
b. Prisoner's dilemma
c. Egoistic pitfall
d. Mutually assured destruction - Question and answersb. Prisoner's dilemma.
What was Thomas Hobbes' term for a condition in which there is no government to
maintain order ?
a. The lawless condition
b. The state of nature
c. The before time
d. The state of Eden - Question and answersb. The state of nature
What did Hobbes think is the only way to escape from the condition in which there is no
government to maintain order ?
a. For each person, individually, to strive to morally improve himself.
b. For people to accept a religious faith.
c. To mutually agree on a set of rules for social cooperation.
d. Hobbes did not think such a state could be truly escaped. - Question and answersc.
To mutually agree on a set of rules for social cooperation
How does contractarianism regard the status of moral rules ?
a. They are a matter of personal opinion
b. They are a matter of societal convention
c. They are objective
d. There are no moral rules, according to contractarianism - Question and answersc.
They are objective
What is Rawl's veil of ignorance?
a. A metaphorical term for the way in which humans often fail to empathize with one
another.
b. A description of the tools used by governments to keep their people ignorant.
According to proceduralism, we should begin moral inquiry
a. by assuming that morality does not exist unless we can prove that it does.
b. by assuming the truth of our most deeply held moral judgments.
c. by identifying a method for determining right from wrong.
d. only once we have settled contentious political issues. - Question and answersc. by
identifying a method for determining right from wrong.
Contractarianism originated as
a. a sociological theory
b. a psychological theory
c. a political theory
d. a philosophical theory - Question and answersc. a political theory
Contractarianism states that actions are morally right if and only if
a. everyone agrees that they are right.
b. they do not violate any agreements.
c. they do not violate anyone's rights.
d. They are permitted by rules that free, equal, and rational people would agree to live
by. - Question and answersd. They are permitted by rules that free, equal, and rational
people would agree to live by.
Contractarians have traditionally taken the view that people are for the most part
a. vicious and mean-spirited
b. rational and self-interested
c. kind and altruistic
d. irrational and fickle - Question and answersb. rational and self-interested
The founder of modern contractarianism was
a. Immanuel Kant
b. Thomas Hobbes
c. John Stuart Mill
d. Aristotle - Question and answersb. Thomas Hobbes
Hobbes claimed that life in the state of nature would be
a. free and easy.
b. difficult but safe.
c. a war of all against all.
d. characterized by moral virtue. - Question and answersc. a war of all against all.
, According to contractarianism, breaking the law is justified
a. whenever it is in one's self-interest to do so.
b. whenever a law is grossly unjust.
c. whenever the law is unpopular
d. never - Question and answersb. whenever a law is grossly unjust.
According to contractarianism, the state's ultimate purpose is
a. to aid our escape from the state of nature.
b. to make sure everyone is as well off as possible.
c. to punish people who cause harm
d. none of the above - Question and answersa. to aid our escape from the state of
nature.
What is the term for a situation in which everyone is made worse off when all pursue
self-interest ?
a. Paradox of hedonism
b. Prisoner's dilemma
c. Egoistic pitfall
d. Mutually assured destruction - Question and answersb. Prisoner's dilemma.
What was Thomas Hobbes' term for a condition in which there is no government to
maintain order ?
a. The lawless condition
b. The state of nature
c. The before time
d. The state of Eden - Question and answersb. The state of nature
What did Hobbes think is the only way to escape from the condition in which there is no
government to maintain order ?
a. For each person, individually, to strive to morally improve himself.
b. For people to accept a religious faith.
c. To mutually agree on a set of rules for social cooperation.
d. Hobbes did not think such a state could be truly escaped. - Question and answersc.
To mutually agree on a set of rules for social cooperation
How does contractarianism regard the status of moral rules ?
a. They are a matter of personal opinion
b. They are a matter of societal convention
c. They are objective
d. There are no moral rules, according to contractarianism - Question and answersc.
They are objective
What is Rawl's veil of ignorance?
a. A metaphorical term for the way in which humans often fail to empathize with one
another.
b. A description of the tools used by governments to keep their people ignorant.
