TEST BANK FOR PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY:
DRUGS, THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 4TH
EDITION BY Bayo,100% CORRECT
ANSWERS, GRADED A+
active zone - ANSWER-Area along the axon terminal, near the postsynaptic cell, that
is specialized for neurotransmitter release.
adrenal cortex - ANSWER-Outer portion of the adrenal gland that secretes
glucocorticoids.
adrenal gland - ANSWER-An endocrine gland that is located above the kidney and
secretes EPI, NE, and glucocorticoids. It is composed of the adrenal medulla and the
adrenal cortex.
adrenal medulla - ANSWER-Inner portion of the adrenal gland that secretes the
catecholamines EPI and NE.
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - ANSWER-Hormone secreted by the anterior
pituitary that stimulates glucocorticoid synthesis and release from the adrenal cortex.
amino acids - ANSWER-Essential building blocks of proteins, some of which also act
as neurotransmitters.
androgens - ANSWER-Male sex hormones secreted by the testes.
anterior pituitary - ANSWER-Portion of the pituitary gland that secretes the
hormones TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, and PRL.
autoreceptors - ANSWER-Neuronal receptors in a cell that are specific for the same
neurotransmitter released by that cell. They typically inhibit further
neurotransmitter release.
axoaxonic synapse - ANSWER-Junction used for communication between the axon
terminals of two neurons, permitting the presynaptic cell to control
neurotransmitter release from the postsynaptic cell at the terminals.
axodendritic synapse - ANSWER-Junction used for communication between the axon
terminal of a presynaptic neuron and a dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron.
, axosomatic synapse - ANSWER-Junction used for communication between a nerve
terminal and a nerve cell body.
calcium/calmodulin kinase (CaMK) - ANSWER-Enzyme stimulated by calcium and
calmodulin that phosphorylates specific proteins in a signaling pathway.
chromaffin cells - ANSWER-The cells of the adrenal medulla.
corticosterone - ANSWER-Glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex of rats and
mice.
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) - ANSWER-Hormone synthesized by neurons
of the hypothalamus that stimulates ACTH release. Also known as corticotrophin-
releasing factor (CRF).
cortisol - ANSWER-Specific glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex of primates.
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) - ANSWER-Second messenger that
activates PKA and is controlled by DA, NE, 5-HT, and endorphins.
cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) - ANSWER-Second messenger that
activates PKG and is controlled in part by NO.
desensitized - ANSWER-Altered receptor state characterized by a lack of response to
an agonist.
diacylglycerol (DAG) (inositol triphosphate) - ANSWER-Second messenger generated
by the phosphoinositide second messenger system; stimulates protein kinase C (PKC).
effector enzymes - ANSWER-Enzymes of the cell membrane that may be regulated
by G proteins and that cause biochemical and physiological effects in postsynaptic
cells (e.g., by means of second messengers).
endocrine gland - ANSWER-Specialized organ that secretes hormones into the
bloodstream.
epinephrine (EPI) - ANSWER-Hormone related to NE that belongs to a group called
catecholamines. It is secreted by the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, and it
produces the "fight-or-flight" response by regulating the diversion of energy and
blood to muscles. Also known as adrenaline.
estradiol - ANSWER-Specific estrogen and a powerful female sex hormone.
estrogens - ANSWER-Female sex hormones secreted by the ovaries.
exocytosis - ANSWER-Method by which vesicles release substances and
neurotransmitters, characterized by fusion of the vesicle and the cell membrane,
DRUGS, THE BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 4TH
EDITION BY Bayo,100% CORRECT
ANSWERS, GRADED A+
active zone - ANSWER-Area along the axon terminal, near the postsynaptic cell, that
is specialized for neurotransmitter release.
adrenal cortex - ANSWER-Outer portion of the adrenal gland that secretes
glucocorticoids.
adrenal gland - ANSWER-An endocrine gland that is located above the kidney and
secretes EPI, NE, and glucocorticoids. It is composed of the adrenal medulla and the
adrenal cortex.
adrenal medulla - ANSWER-Inner portion of the adrenal gland that secretes the
catecholamines EPI and NE.
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - ANSWER-Hormone secreted by the anterior
pituitary that stimulates glucocorticoid synthesis and release from the adrenal cortex.
amino acids - ANSWER-Essential building blocks of proteins, some of which also act
as neurotransmitters.
androgens - ANSWER-Male sex hormones secreted by the testes.
anterior pituitary - ANSWER-Portion of the pituitary gland that secretes the
hormones TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, and PRL.
autoreceptors - ANSWER-Neuronal receptors in a cell that are specific for the same
neurotransmitter released by that cell. They typically inhibit further
neurotransmitter release.
axoaxonic synapse - ANSWER-Junction used for communication between the axon
terminals of two neurons, permitting the presynaptic cell to control
neurotransmitter release from the postsynaptic cell at the terminals.
axodendritic synapse - ANSWER-Junction used for communication between the axon
terminal of a presynaptic neuron and a dendrite of a postsynaptic neuron.
, axosomatic synapse - ANSWER-Junction used for communication between a nerve
terminal and a nerve cell body.
calcium/calmodulin kinase (CaMK) - ANSWER-Enzyme stimulated by calcium and
calmodulin that phosphorylates specific proteins in a signaling pathway.
chromaffin cells - ANSWER-The cells of the adrenal medulla.
corticosterone - ANSWER-Glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex of rats and
mice.
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) - ANSWER-Hormone synthesized by neurons
of the hypothalamus that stimulates ACTH release. Also known as corticotrophin-
releasing factor (CRF).
cortisol - ANSWER-Specific glucocorticoid secreted by the adrenal cortex of primates.
cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) - ANSWER-Second messenger that
activates PKA and is controlled by DA, NE, 5-HT, and endorphins.
cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) - ANSWER-Second messenger that
activates PKG and is controlled in part by NO.
desensitized - ANSWER-Altered receptor state characterized by a lack of response to
an agonist.
diacylglycerol (DAG) (inositol triphosphate) - ANSWER-Second messenger generated
by the phosphoinositide second messenger system; stimulates protein kinase C (PKC).
effector enzymes - ANSWER-Enzymes of the cell membrane that may be regulated
by G proteins and that cause biochemical and physiological effects in postsynaptic
cells (e.g., by means of second messengers).
endocrine gland - ANSWER-Specialized organ that secretes hormones into the
bloodstream.
epinephrine (EPI) - ANSWER-Hormone related to NE that belongs to a group called
catecholamines. It is secreted by the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla, and it
produces the "fight-or-flight" response by regulating the diversion of energy and
blood to muscles. Also known as adrenaline.
estradiol - ANSWER-Specific estrogen and a powerful female sex hormone.
estrogens - ANSWER-Female sex hormones secreted by the ovaries.
exocytosis - ANSWER-Method by which vesicles release substances and
neurotransmitters, characterized by fusion of the vesicle and the cell membrane,
