NSG124 Pharmacology Study Test Plan
EXAM 2
Bactericidal
Directly lethal to bacteria
Bacteriostatic
Slows bacterial growth but does not cause cell death
Relies on host's defenses to eliminate bacteria
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Dosage and duration of treatment
Dosage should create 4-8 x MIC (MI concentration)
Medications should not be discontinued prematurely.
Prophylactic Use of Antimicrobials
30-50% of antibiotics in US are given prophylactically
Most useful for cardiac, peripheral vascular, orthopedic, GI surgery
Misuses of antimicrobial
Approximately 50% of antibiotic use is inappropriate or unnecessary
Common cold, bronchitis, sore throat, sinusitis
Attempted treatment of viral infection
, Pencillins MOA
weakens cell wall, causes bacteria to take up a lot of water and eventually rupture
bactericidal (causes cell death)
only effective on bacterial cells that are growing and dividing
preferred antibiotic for gram-positive bacteria
Penicillin: Broad Spectrum
Covers both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Ex: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Penicillin: Narrow Spectrum
Treats either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, not both
Ex: Pencillin G, Pencillin V (penicillinase sensitive, affected by beta-lactamases)
Ex: Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin (penicillinase resistant, not affected by beta-lactamases)
Penicillin side/adverse effects:
Severe:
Anaphylaxis,
Drug to Drug Interaction:
Interacts with aminoglycosides, PCN should be administered first and allowed to dilute in body
fluids
Penicillin administration
Given orally, IM, and IV
During IM injection, aspirate to avoid injection into an artery. Take care to avoid injection into a
nerve.
Take full course of medication, do not stop early
Take 1 hour before a meal or 2 hours after (exceptions: Penicillin V, amoxicillin, and
amoxicillin/clavulanate)
penicillin G
is only given via injection because it is broken down by the stomach acids
EXAM 2
Bactericidal
Directly lethal to bacteria
Bacteriostatic
Slows bacterial growth but does not cause cell death
Relies on host's defenses to eliminate bacteria
Previous
Play
Next
Rewind 10 seconds
Move forward 10 seconds
Unmute
0:03
/
0:15
Full screen
Brainpower
Read More
Dosage and duration of treatment
Dosage should create 4-8 x MIC (MI concentration)
Medications should not be discontinued prematurely.
Prophylactic Use of Antimicrobials
30-50% of antibiotics in US are given prophylactically
Most useful for cardiac, peripheral vascular, orthopedic, GI surgery
Misuses of antimicrobial
Approximately 50% of antibiotic use is inappropriate or unnecessary
Common cold, bronchitis, sore throat, sinusitis
Attempted treatment of viral infection
, Pencillins MOA
weakens cell wall, causes bacteria to take up a lot of water and eventually rupture
bactericidal (causes cell death)
only effective on bacterial cells that are growing and dividing
preferred antibiotic for gram-positive bacteria
Penicillin: Broad Spectrum
Covers both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
Ex: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin
Penicillin: Narrow Spectrum
Treats either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria, not both
Ex: Pencillin G, Pencillin V (penicillinase sensitive, affected by beta-lactamases)
Ex: Nafcillin, Oxacillin, Dicloxacillin (penicillinase resistant, not affected by beta-lactamases)
Penicillin side/adverse effects:
Severe:
Anaphylaxis,
Drug to Drug Interaction:
Interacts with aminoglycosides, PCN should be administered first and allowed to dilute in body
fluids
Penicillin administration
Given orally, IM, and IV
During IM injection, aspirate to avoid injection into an artery. Take care to avoid injection into a
nerve.
Take full course of medication, do not stop early
Take 1 hour before a meal or 2 hours after (exceptions: Penicillin V, amoxicillin, and
amoxicillin/clavulanate)
penicillin G
is only given via injection because it is broken down by the stomach acids
