International Human Resource Management (Midterm] Questions & Answers

PCN (Parent Country National) - ANSWERSIn an international firm, a person whose nationality is the same as that of the firm but different from the country in which they are working in HCN (Host country national) - ANSWERSEmployees who are hired for jobs in their own country. Can become inpatriates if they are transferred into the parent country as expatriates TCN (third country nationals) - ANSWERSIndividuals who are in transit/applying for visas in countries that are not their country of origin to go to places that are not their country of origin MNE (Multinational Enterprise) - ANSWERSA firm that owns business operations in more than one country (subsidiaries/ affiliates) SME (small and medium-sized enterprises) - ANSWERSThe part of the economy consisting of small and medium-sized, usually privately owned businesses. Index of transnationality - ANSWERSin an average of ratios of foreign assets to total assets; foreign sales to total sales; and foreign employment to total employment Inpatriate - ANSWERSThe transfer of subsidiary staff into the parent country (headquarters) operations Multi-domestic industry - ANSWERSCompetition in which each country is essentially independent of competition in other countries (ex: retail, insurance) organizational culture - ANSWERSthe set of values, ideas, attitudes, and norms of behavior that is learned and shared among the members of an organization Tax equalization - ANSWERSfirms withhold an amount equal to the home-country tax obligation of the expatriate, and pay all taxes in the host country Asymmetric Events - ANSWERSHave been described as threats that our political, strategic and military cultures regard as unusual Artifacts - ANSWERSDescribed as visible organization structures and processes Communitarianism - ANSWERSthe rights of the group or society, seeks to put the family, group, company and country before the individual Diffuse culture - ANSWERSa culture in which public space and private space are similar in size and individuals guard their public space carefully, need an introduction from a mutual friend in order to do businesses with a particular manager high-context culture - ANSWERSa more indirect form of expression is common, where the receiver must decipher the content of the message from its context Particularism - ANSWERSpays more attention to individual cases, deciding what is good and correct depending on relationship and special friendship arrangements power distance - ANSWERSThe degree to which members of a collective expect power to be distributed equally, expresses the emotional distance between employees and sponsors Spatial distance - ANSWERSDistance between people of various cultures when communicating, members of one culture may feel intrusive for members of another culture Uncertainty Avoidance - ANSWERSThe extent which a society, organization, or group relies on social norms, rules, and procedures to alleviate unpredictability of future events Agents of Socialization - ANSWERSBased on assumptions that appropriate behavior will have been instilled in the local workforce through training programs and hiring practices and the multinational's way of operating has been accepted by the local staff in the manner intended Chaebols - ANSWERSKorean conglomerates Greenfield - ANSWERSType of venture where finances are employed to create a new physical facility for a business in a location where no existing facilities are currently present Heterarchy - ANSWERSA structural form in which a MNC may have a number of different kinds of centers apart from that traditionally referred to as "headquarters" Institutionalism Perspective - ANSWERSInstitutional pressures may be powerful influences on HR practices. Integrated player - ANSWERSCreated knowledge but is also a recipient of knowledge