NSE111 Exam Review Questions And Correct Answers
Nursing Process (ADPIE)
Assessment: data collection important to client's health status or situation in order to
clearly understand client's priority needs
Diagnosis: data analysis of assessment data to determine key issues and to make
clinical judgements in the form of a nursing diagnosis, includes development of
outcomes or goals for client's situation
Planning: development of a plan that identifies strategies to achieve outcomes or goals
Implementation: executing plan
Evaluation: reflection on whether or not outcome was met
DIPPS
Dignity: retain their dignity; state of feeling worthy, valued and respected
Independence: clients have got to do what they can for themselves
Preference: clients need to choose and make it known how they prefer things to be done
Privacy: a client needs to know their body and their affairs are treated as something
private and screened from public view
Safety: free from harm; the clients should have an environment that is free from harm
and should feel safe about the care being delivered
Won
Dipppers
,Dignity
Independence
Partner
Preference
Privacy
Empathy
Respect
Safety
Stages of infection development
Incubation period: duration of time between entry of pathogen into the host and the
occurrence of her signs and symptoms
Prodromal stage: time between the beginning of general signs and symptoms to more
specific ones. During this phase, micro-organisms start to develop and multiply, and the
patient may have a better ability to infect others.
Illness stage: traveling when the patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to the
type of infection
Convalescence: period of time during which the acute symptoms of infection subside
and the individual attempts to replenish resources and resume a state of homeostasis;
duration of recovery depends on the severity of the infection and the individual's overall
state of health: may be measured in days to months
localized infection
an infection confined to a particular location within the body where there are distinct
local symptoms and signs
systemic infection
an infection that occurs throughout the body
,Infectious agent aka pathogen
Bacteria (strep, salmonella), virus (influenza), fungi (athletes foot, thrush), protozoa
(malaria)
Transient Microorganisms can spread on surfaces and cause disease when.
They're sufficient in number, The microbe is virulent, survives and enters host, and the
host is susceptible.
Resevoir
place where pathogens can survive but may or may not multiply; human body, animals,
food, water, insects, objects; carriers don't show symptoms but can spread; require
ideal environment for survival including food, oxygen (spores are aerobic), water, temp
(35-37 degrees), pH (5-7), minimal light
portal of exit
a means by which the infectious agent leaves the reservoir in which it has been
multiplying:
Body orifices, skin breaks, mucus membrane breaks, blood, bodily fluids, secretions,
excretions.
portal of entry
A means for the infectious agent to gain entry to a new reservoir or host; same as exit.
Cuts and breaks in the skin, mucous membrane.
mode of transmission
route of transmission by which pathogen travels from reservoir to a host.
direct contact
infected person physically touches host; examples include STDS, cold sores, aids
indirect contact
contact transmission: The passage of an infectious agent into a susceptible individual
, by direct contact, indirectly by vehicle transmission, or by vector-borne transmission.
Attribution-BY droplet transmission sneezing, coughing, laughing, droplets land on
another person. airborne transmission residual from droplets that evaporated; much
smaller than droplet. -it gets inhaled as it resides in the air vehicle transmission
transmission via an inanimate reservoir: food, water, air ex: flint water supply holding
lead which infected countless people. vectorborne transmission
transmission of an agent to a susceptible host by living organisms such as mosquitoes,
fleas, and ticks
- can be insects or pets
Susceptible host (chain of infection)
A person that lacks the ability to resist infection by an infectious agent.
- depends on their degree of resistance to a pathogen
- healthy individuals are less likely to develp and infection
- consider virulence and number of organisms
young, older, or persons with chronic diseases are susceptible.
nosocomial infection
hospital acquired infection (HAI) an infection that is acquired in the hospital or other
health care facility and was not present or incubating at the time of the patient's
admission.
normal flora
Microorganisms that reside in or on the body without causing disease, helps protect
against pathogens.
inflammatory response
vascular and cellular response to protect the body from an injury or infection.
exogenous infection
when a pathogen bypasses the external defenses and penetrates to sterile tissue: (MOs
Nursing Process (ADPIE)
Assessment: data collection important to client's health status or situation in order to
clearly understand client's priority needs
Diagnosis: data analysis of assessment data to determine key issues and to make
clinical judgements in the form of a nursing diagnosis, includes development of
outcomes or goals for client's situation
Planning: development of a plan that identifies strategies to achieve outcomes or goals
Implementation: executing plan
Evaluation: reflection on whether or not outcome was met
DIPPS
Dignity: retain their dignity; state of feeling worthy, valued and respected
Independence: clients have got to do what they can for themselves
Preference: clients need to choose and make it known how they prefer things to be done
Privacy: a client needs to know their body and their affairs are treated as something
private and screened from public view
Safety: free from harm; the clients should have an environment that is free from harm
and should feel safe about the care being delivered
Won
Dipppers
,Dignity
Independence
Partner
Preference
Privacy
Empathy
Respect
Safety
Stages of infection development
Incubation period: duration of time between entry of pathogen into the host and the
occurrence of her signs and symptoms
Prodromal stage: time between the beginning of general signs and symptoms to more
specific ones. During this phase, micro-organisms start to develop and multiply, and the
patient may have a better ability to infect others.
Illness stage: traveling when the patient manifests signs and symptoms specific to the
type of infection
Convalescence: period of time during which the acute symptoms of infection subside
and the individual attempts to replenish resources and resume a state of homeostasis;
duration of recovery depends on the severity of the infection and the individual's overall
state of health: may be measured in days to months
localized infection
an infection confined to a particular location within the body where there are distinct
local symptoms and signs
systemic infection
an infection that occurs throughout the body
,Infectious agent aka pathogen
Bacteria (strep, salmonella), virus (influenza), fungi (athletes foot, thrush), protozoa
(malaria)
Transient Microorganisms can spread on surfaces and cause disease when.
They're sufficient in number, The microbe is virulent, survives and enters host, and the
host is susceptible.
Resevoir
place where pathogens can survive but may or may not multiply; human body, animals,
food, water, insects, objects; carriers don't show symptoms but can spread; require
ideal environment for survival including food, oxygen (spores are aerobic), water, temp
(35-37 degrees), pH (5-7), minimal light
portal of exit
a means by which the infectious agent leaves the reservoir in which it has been
multiplying:
Body orifices, skin breaks, mucus membrane breaks, blood, bodily fluids, secretions,
excretions.
portal of entry
A means for the infectious agent to gain entry to a new reservoir or host; same as exit.
Cuts and breaks in the skin, mucous membrane.
mode of transmission
route of transmission by which pathogen travels from reservoir to a host.
direct contact
infected person physically touches host; examples include STDS, cold sores, aids
indirect contact
contact transmission: The passage of an infectious agent into a susceptible individual
, by direct contact, indirectly by vehicle transmission, or by vector-borne transmission.
Attribution-BY droplet transmission sneezing, coughing, laughing, droplets land on
another person. airborne transmission residual from droplets that evaporated; much
smaller than droplet. -it gets inhaled as it resides in the air vehicle transmission
transmission via an inanimate reservoir: food, water, air ex: flint water supply holding
lead which infected countless people. vectorborne transmission
transmission of an agent to a susceptible host by living organisms such as mosquitoes,
fleas, and ticks
- can be insects or pets
Susceptible host (chain of infection)
A person that lacks the ability to resist infection by an infectious agent.
- depends on their degree of resistance to a pathogen
- healthy individuals are less likely to develp and infection
- consider virulence and number of organisms
young, older, or persons with chronic diseases are susceptible.
nosocomial infection
hospital acquired infection (HAI) an infection that is acquired in the hospital or other
health care facility and was not present or incubating at the time of the patient's
admission.
normal flora
Microorganisms that reside in or on the body without causing disease, helps protect
against pathogens.
inflammatory response
vascular and cellular response to protect the body from an injury or infection.
exogenous infection
when a pathogen bypasses the external defenses and penetrates to sterile tissue: (MOs
