bio 150-unit 2 exam || A+ GRADED.
selectively permeable membrane correct answers allows things to come in while keeping
other things out due to polarity, size, charge, or [ ]
*highly permeable= gases/ uncharged molecules
*low permeable: polar / charged molecules
passive transport correct answers the movement of substances across a cell membrane
without the use of energy by the cell (HIGH to LOW)
*simple & facilitated diffusion
simple vs facilitated diffusion correct answers -simple = molecules move directly through the
phospholipid bilayer
-facilitated = molecules pass through transport proteins (channels=gated & transporters=
conformational change
active transport correct answers energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
-primary active transport uses ATP
-secondary active transport uses [ ] gradient
osmosis correct answers diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (L OW
to HIGH), active transport
-isotonic: equal [ ] in solute & molecule
-hypertonic: higher [ ] in either solute or molecule (shrinks)
-hypotonic: lower [ ] in either solute or molecule (swells)
forms of energy correct answers 1. kinetic: associated with movement
2. potential: due to structure or location
3. heat: can NOT be used to do work
thermodynamic laws correct answers 1. energy (matter) cannot be created nor destroyed;
2. the transfer of energy increases the entropy (degree of disorder) / no energy conversion is
completely efficient--heat loss occurs
exergonic reactions correct answers release energy & spontaneous/ negative ∆G
endergonic reactions correct answers absorb energy & non spontaneous/ postive ∆G
ATP hydrolysis drives reactions correct answers endergonic reactions can be coupled to
exergonic reactions
*reactions will be spontaneous if net free energy change is -
metabolism correct answers all chemical reactions that occur within an organism
*catabolic= breakdown of cellular components (exergonic)
*anabolic= makes cellular components (endergonic), MUST be coupled with exergonic
enzymes correct answers protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of reactions by lowering
activation energy
*high specificity for their substrate/ lock & key method!
selectively permeable membrane correct answers allows things to come in while keeping
other things out due to polarity, size, charge, or [ ]
*highly permeable= gases/ uncharged molecules
*low permeable: polar / charged molecules
passive transport correct answers the movement of substances across a cell membrane
without the use of energy by the cell (HIGH to LOW)
*simple & facilitated diffusion
simple vs facilitated diffusion correct answers -simple = molecules move directly through the
phospholipid bilayer
-facilitated = molecules pass through transport proteins (channels=gated & transporters=
conformational change
active transport correct answers energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell
membrane against a concentration difference
-primary active transport uses ATP
-secondary active transport uses [ ] gradient
osmosis correct answers diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (L OW
to HIGH), active transport
-isotonic: equal [ ] in solute & molecule
-hypertonic: higher [ ] in either solute or molecule (shrinks)
-hypotonic: lower [ ] in either solute or molecule (swells)
forms of energy correct answers 1. kinetic: associated with movement
2. potential: due to structure or location
3. heat: can NOT be used to do work
thermodynamic laws correct answers 1. energy (matter) cannot be created nor destroyed;
2. the transfer of energy increases the entropy (degree of disorder) / no energy conversion is
completely efficient--heat loss occurs
exergonic reactions correct answers release energy & spontaneous/ negative ∆G
endergonic reactions correct answers absorb energy & non spontaneous/ postive ∆G
ATP hydrolysis drives reactions correct answers endergonic reactions can be coupled to
exergonic reactions
*reactions will be spontaneous if net free energy change is -
metabolism correct answers all chemical reactions that occur within an organism
*catabolic= breakdown of cellular components (exergonic)
*anabolic= makes cellular components (endergonic), MUST be coupled with exergonic
enzymes correct answers protein catalyst that speeds up the rate of reactions by lowering
activation energy
*high specificity for their substrate/ lock & key method!
