Virology Exam 2 UPDATED Exam
Questions and CORRECT ANSWERS
What virus causes measles - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔paramyxovirus
Does measles have a vaccine - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Yes
What are the 4 factors influencing virus infection - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Age, General
health and nutrition, Genetic factors, and Immunity
What are innate defenses - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Innate defenses provide broad,
nonspecific defense against andy pathogen (is immediate and effective against any pathogen)
What is adaptive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Immune cells recognize and
remember specific pathogens (requires days to weeks to develop and is specific for each
particular virus)
What is the first line of defense that is in innate defenses - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Skin,
mucus, ear wax, tears, stomach acid, ciliated respiratory tract cells (Other defenses include
white blood cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells)
What are macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Ingest and kill pathogens, including
viruses, by phagocytosis, and present in tissues throughout the body
Activated macrophages produce ________ which trigger the hypothalamus to produced
prostaglandins (induce fever, an innate antiviral response) - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Pyrogens
What are dendritic cells - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Ingest and kill pathogens, including
viruses, by phagocytosis. Are present in skin, mucus membranes, GI tract (process viral
antigens onto their cell surface for presentation to T helper cells)
What are natural killer cells - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Recognize and kill cells expressing
viral or tumor antigens
, Activated natural killer cells release cytokines called ______ which causes lethal pores in
target cells - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Perforins
What is an interferon response - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔cytokine is produced in virus
infected cells (attaches to neighboring cells inducing an antiviral state) does not protect the
cell that is infected, but rather protects the surrounding cells
How does interferon protect surrounding cells - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔IFN released and
binds to receptor on uninfected neighboring cells. Antiviral proteins are induced and
expressed in cells. Upon viral infection, AVP degrade viral RNA and inhibit protein synthesis
stopping viral replication
Type 1 IFN pathway - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Induced antiviral proteins, RNAase L-
degrades viral and host cell RNA, protein kinase inhibits viral and host protein synthesis
Synthetic IFN can be used for treatment of - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Chronic hepatitis B,
AIDS, Papillomaviruses, various cancers
________ congregate in the lymph nodes and exit through the outgoing lymph vessels -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Lymphocytes
Where are B lymphocytes born and mature - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔They are born and
mature in the bone marrow
Where are T lymphocytes mature - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔They mature in the thymus
gland
Plasma - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Fluid component of blood including clotting factors
Serum - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Fluid component of blood minus clotting factors (usually
used as a source for antibodies)
Questions and CORRECT ANSWERS
What virus causes measles - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔paramyxovirus
Does measles have a vaccine - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Yes
What are the 4 factors influencing virus infection - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Age, General
health and nutrition, Genetic factors, and Immunity
What are innate defenses - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Innate defenses provide broad,
nonspecific defense against andy pathogen (is immediate and effective against any pathogen)
What is adaptive immunity - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Immune cells recognize and
remember specific pathogens (requires days to weeks to develop and is specific for each
particular virus)
What is the first line of defense that is in innate defenses - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Skin,
mucus, ear wax, tears, stomach acid, ciliated respiratory tract cells (Other defenses include
white blood cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells)
What are macrophages - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Ingest and kill pathogens, including
viruses, by phagocytosis, and present in tissues throughout the body
Activated macrophages produce ________ which trigger the hypothalamus to produced
prostaglandins (induce fever, an innate antiviral response) - CORRECT ANSWER-
✔✔Pyrogens
What are dendritic cells - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Ingest and kill pathogens, including
viruses, by phagocytosis. Are present in skin, mucus membranes, GI tract (process viral
antigens onto their cell surface for presentation to T helper cells)
What are natural killer cells - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Recognize and kill cells expressing
viral or tumor antigens
, Activated natural killer cells release cytokines called ______ which causes lethal pores in
target cells - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Perforins
What is an interferon response - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔cytokine is produced in virus
infected cells (attaches to neighboring cells inducing an antiviral state) does not protect the
cell that is infected, but rather protects the surrounding cells
How does interferon protect surrounding cells - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔IFN released and
binds to receptor on uninfected neighboring cells. Antiviral proteins are induced and
expressed in cells. Upon viral infection, AVP degrade viral RNA and inhibit protein synthesis
stopping viral replication
Type 1 IFN pathway - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Induced antiviral proteins, RNAase L-
degrades viral and host cell RNA, protein kinase inhibits viral and host protein synthesis
Synthetic IFN can be used for treatment of - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Chronic hepatitis B,
AIDS, Papillomaviruses, various cancers
________ congregate in the lymph nodes and exit through the outgoing lymph vessels -
CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Lymphocytes
Where are B lymphocytes born and mature - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔They are born and
mature in the bone marrow
Where are T lymphocytes mature - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔They mature in the thymus
gland
Plasma - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Fluid component of blood including clotting factors
Serum - CORRECT ANSWER- ✔✔Fluid component of blood minus clotting factors (usually
used as a source for antibodies)
