Penn Foster Veterinary Pharmacology Final Exam |
Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified |
Latest Update
Define: Therapeutic Index - expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and
harmful effects
Define: Withdrawl Time - Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug
therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products
Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship - Relationship that must exist between
the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med - Animal product, plant material, minerals,
synthetic products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? - Dose, route, frequency, and duration of
administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient
relationship can be shown to exist - 1.vet must assume responsibility for making clinical
judgments in relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders - To carry
out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure proper
drug is being administered and should take care to administer correct dose by correct
route. Should be aware of the expected affects and potential adverse side effects and
be able to monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion
- Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with
plasma in the blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to
capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell
and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell
and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to liver for
metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion.
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. - Oral, subcutaneous,
intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary,
inhalation, topical, intradermal
,List some of the factors that influence drug absorption - Method of absorption, pH of the
drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubility of
drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ - Liver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ - Kidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ - Receptors
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company
is called - Trade/Proprietary Name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? - names (generic and trade)
concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot number,
expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use
of animal health products? - FDA, EPA, USDA
Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they
use? - Profit earned from selling products
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - Drugs affect the nervous system by
acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their
actions, or block them from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs - Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives,
bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation - NSAIDs, Opioids,
Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs -
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs -
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites
or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous system to
prevent them from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health -
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control - keeping the staff informed
regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items will be
,released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired
items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products, organizing
inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at
the veterinary facility, and learning about new products.
Define: Agonist - Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action
Define: Contraindication - A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Efficacy - the degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
Define: Over-the-counter drug - One that may be purchased without prescription from a
veterinarian
Define: Prescription Drug - One that must be used under the supervision of a
veterinarina
Define: Receptor - a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug
to produce an effect
Describe the marketing of animal health products - Purchased from manufacturers,
distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one label to graduate
veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter
all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ - The
Green Book
What is the purpose of FARAD? - Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug
residues in animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by
what act of congress? - Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)
Define Compounding - Diluting or combingin existing drugs
What are potential dangers of residues in animal products - May cause allergic reaction
or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of
bacteria
List 3 classes of drug interactions - Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and
pharmaceutic
Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized
by the_____ - Liver
, Define: Ethical Product - one sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the
manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement
Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____ - Metabolite
A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ - Indication
Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except
a. Practical experience
b. Assesment of the patient
c. Obtaining a history
d. Performing lab tests - A. Practical experience.
Define: extralabel - Using a drug in a way not specified by the label
Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____ -
Pharmacokinetics
Parenteral drugs are administered________ - by injections.
The body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was
administered into a form that can be eliminated from the body is called_____ -
Metabolism (biotransformation)
Degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient is called________ -
efficacy
An adverse drug reaction is always life-threatening. T/F? - False
List the six practices recommended by the AVMA for the safe disposal of unwanted
drugs. - 1.Incinerate when possible
2.Send to landfill when incinerated
3.Never flush down drain or toilet
4.Maintain close inventory control
5.Follow state and federal guidelines
6.Educate clients on proper disposal techniques.
Name 4 common Drug Preparations - Drugs for oral administration, drugs for parenteral
administration, drugs for inhalation, and drugs for topical inhalations.
Boluses are used in the treatment of - Large animals with a balling gun
name two types of parenteral injection forms - injections, implants.
Vials may be either ___ dose or ___ dose - single-, multi-
Questions with 100% Correct Answers | Verified |
Latest Update
Define: Therapeutic Index - expresses the relationship between a drug's therapeutic and
harmful effects
Define: Withdrawl Time - Amount of time that must elapse between the end of drug
therapy and elimination of that drug from patients tissues or products
Define: Veterinarian-client-patient relationship - Relationship that must exist between
the vet, the patient, and the owner before prescription drugs can be dispensed.
List 4 sources of drugs used in Vet Med - Animal product, plant material, minerals,
synthetic products
What are 4 components of a drug regimen? - Dose, route, frequency, and duration of
administration.
Discuss the conditions that must be met before a valid veterinarian-client-patient
relationship can be shown to exist - 1.vet must assume responsibility for making clinical
judgments in relation to health of the animal.
2. Vet must have recently seen the animal and be acquainted with it's care.
3.Vet must be available for follow-up care of the animal
Discuss the responsibilities of a vet tech in the administration of drug orders - To carry
out the vet's orders correctly. should read the drug label three times to ensure proper
drug is being administered and should take care to administer correct dose by correct
route. Should be aware of the expected affects and potential adverse side effects and
be able to monitor the patient.
Describe the sequence of events that a drug undergoes from administration to excretion
- Drug is absorbed (or placed directly) into the bloodstream, the drug may bind with
plasma in the blood or may exist in free state, circulating blood distributes drug to
capillary level where it leaves circulation and enters interstitial fluid. it bathes the cell
and allows drug to bind to cell surface receptors or enter the cell. It then exits the cell
and moves back into interstitial fluid, reenters circulation, and is transported to liver for
metabolism. The metabolite is then transported to kidneys for excretion.
List 11 possible routes for administering a drug to a patient. - Oral, subcutaneous,
intramuscular, intravenous, intraperitoneal, intraarterial, intracardiac, intramedullary,
inhalation, topical, intradermal
,List some of the factors that influence drug absorption - Method of absorption, pH of the
drug and ionization status, absorptive surface area, blood supply to area, solubility of
drug, dosage form, status of GI tract, and interactions with other drugs
Most biotransformation occurs in the_____ - Liver
Most drug excretion occurs via the ______ - Kidneys
Drugs usually produce their effects by combining with specific cellular_____ - Receptors
The drug name chosen by the manufacturer and is exclusive property of that company
is called - Trade/Proprietary Name
What are the 6 items that must be included on drug label? - names (generic and trade)
concentration, quantity, name and address of manufacturer, control or lot number,
expiration date
What are three government agencies that regulate the development, approval, and use
of animal health products? - FDA, EPA, USDA
Why do many vet clinics dispense rather than prescribe most of the drugs that they
use? - Profit earned from selling products
Describe how drugs affect the nervous system - Drugs affect the nervous system by
acting at the synaptic junctions to promote neurotransmitter's activity, mimic their
actions, or block them from acting.
Identify examples of respiratory drugs - Expectorants, mucolytics, antitussives,
bronchodilators, decongestants
List which drugs are used to relieve pain and inflammation - NSAIDs, Opioids,
Antihistamines, muscle relaxers, steroids, nerve blocks
Summarize the difference between ophthalmic and otic drugs -
Compare and contrast cardiovascular and gastrointestinal drugs -
Describe how antiparasitic drugs work - Antiparasitic drugs work by destroying parasites
or inhibiting their growth. Most work by interfering with the parasite's nervous system to
prevent them from moving.
Discuss why replacement drugs are often necessary for animal health -
Explain the veterinary technician's role in inventory control - keeping the staff informed
regarding discontinued items, knowing the dates on which backordered items will be
,released from the vendor, packing up goods awaiting return to the vendor (e.g., expired
items), rotating stock correctly, maintaining current prices on all products, organizing
inventory for ease of location and counting, receiving and inspecting orders on arrival at
the veterinary facility, and learning about new products.
Define: Agonist - Drug that has affinity for a receptor/stimulates receptor into action
Define: Contraindication - A reason not to use a drug in a particular situation
Define: Efficacy - the degree to which a drug produces its desired response.
Define: Over-the-counter drug - One that may be purchased without prescription from a
veterinarian
Define: Prescription Drug - One that must be used under the supervision of a
veterinarina
Define: Receptor - a group of specialized molecules on or in a cell that bind with a drug
to produce an effect
Describe the marketing of animal health products - Purchased from manufacturers,
distributors, or generic mail order companies. May be sold only one label to graduate
veterinarians and under another as over-the-counter
all FDA-approved veterinary drugs are listed in the publication entitled_____ - The
Green Book
What is the purpose of FARAD? - Provides resources concerning the avoidance of drug
residues in animals
Extralabel veterinary drug use was made legal (under prescribed circumstances) by
what act of congress? - Animal Medicinal Drug Use Clarification Act (AMDUCA)
Define Compounding - Diluting or combingin existing drugs
What are potential dangers of residues in animal products - May cause allergic reaction
or neoplasia in people, may cause the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of
bacteria
List 3 classes of drug interactions - Pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and
pharmaceutic
Drug interaction can be anticipated when two drugs are given that are both metabolized
by the_____ - Liver
, Define: Ethical Product - one sold only through veterinarians as a policy of the
manufacturer rather than by FDA requirement
Once a drug has been biotransformed, it is called a_____ - Metabolite
A reason to use a drug is a(n)_____ - Indication
Diagnostic method of choosing a drug is based on all of the following except
a. Practical experience
b. Assesment of the patient
c. Obtaining a history
d. Performing lab tests - A. Practical experience.
Define: extralabel - Using a drug in a way not specified by the label
Complex sequence of events that occurs after a drug is administered is called____ -
Pharmacokinetics
Parenteral drugs are administered________ - by injections.
The body's ability to change a drug chemically from the form in which it was
administered into a form that can be eliminated from the body is called_____ -
Metabolism (biotransformation)
Degree to which a drug produces its desired response in a patient is called________ -
efficacy
An adverse drug reaction is always life-threatening. T/F? - False
List the six practices recommended by the AVMA for the safe disposal of unwanted
drugs. - 1.Incinerate when possible
2.Send to landfill when incinerated
3.Never flush down drain or toilet
4.Maintain close inventory control
5.Follow state and federal guidelines
6.Educate clients on proper disposal techniques.
Name 4 common Drug Preparations - Drugs for oral administration, drugs for parenteral
administration, drugs for inhalation, and drugs for topical inhalations.
Boluses are used in the treatment of - Large animals with a balling gun
name two types of parenteral injection forms - injections, implants.
Vials may be either ___ dose or ___ dose - single-, multi-
