ANSC 100 Final Exam
What animal species was domesticated first? - Answer -the dog (14,000 BC)
What livestock species was domesticated first? - Answer -the sheep (8,000 BC)
What were characteristics that were common among the animals that were domesticated? - Answer --
generally lived in comfortable in groups
-had some dominance hierarchy in place
-tolerated humans
-adapted to a variety of enviroments
-reproduced well in capacity
What are some values of domestication? - Answer --increased access to a high quality protein source
-benefit of animal milk and egg production
-most domestic livestock were multipurpose supplying both food and work
-domestic animals served as guardians and in rodent control
-animals were a major source of transportation and power
What is aquaculture? - Answer -farming or rearing of aquatic plants and animals; also known as
"underwater agriculture"
What are the most common aquaculture animals? - Answer -finfish, crustaceans and mollusks
,What is the number one aquaculture animal in production and sale? - Answer -catfish
What is transcription? - Answer -process of building RNA complementary to DNA to produce a protein
What is translation? - Answer -process of using the information from mRNA to assemble amino acids
into a protein
What is a phenotype? - Answer -all of its observable characteristics
What is a genotype? - Answer -genetic makeup of an organism
What is the phenotype influenced by? - Answer -they are influenced both by its genotype and by the
environment
What is a genome? - Answer -the map of all the genes in the animal
What are genes? - Answer -coding portions made up of specific deoxyribose nucleotides (DNA)
How many chromosome pairs do humans have? - Answer -23 pair
How many chromosome pairs do cattle have? - Answer -30 pair
How many chromosome pairs do swine have? - Answer -19 pair
How many chromosome pairs do equine have? - Answer -32 pair
How many chromosome pairs do chickens have? - Answer -39 pair
,How many chromosome pairs do corn have? - Answer -10 pair
How many chromosome pairs do barely have? - Answer -27 pair
What are homozygous pairs? - Answer -animals with matching alleles at a given locus (AA)
What are heterozygous pairs? - Answer -animals with different alleles at a given locus (Aa)
What is the dominant gene action? - Answer -is a member of a gene pair is expressed to the exclusion of
the other
What is the incomplete dominance gene action? - Answer -occurs when no dominance exists and a
heterozygous individual will appear as an intermediate between two alleles
What is epistasis gene action? - Answer -is when many gene pairs act in concert with one another to
produce gene expression
What is the recessive gene action? - Answer -is the member of a gene pair that is only expressed when
the dominant allele is absent from the animal's genome
Explain mitosis - Answer --normal cell division
-ongoing process
-tissue repair, growth, etc
-same genetic material in each cell of the body
Explain meiosis - Answer --formation of sex gametes
-sex cells (sperm and egg)
-only has 1/2 the genetic compliment
-note differences in cell development
, What is selection? - Answer -the process of choosing which animals to be parents
What is a mating system? - Answer -the process of deciding which animals to mate
What is inbreeding? - Answer -mating related animals
What is outcrossing? - Answer -mating unrelated animals from the same breed
What is cross breeding? - Answer -mating animals from different breeds
What are the advantages of crossbreeding? - Answer --heterosis
-breed differences
-most commonly used in swine, beef cattle and sheep
What are disadvantages of crossbreeding? - Answer -management can be difficult in extensive
production systems
Explain heterosis/hybrid vigor - Answer --for most traits, as heterozygosity increases performance
improves
-opposite of inbreeding depression
-primarily associated with crossbreeding
What is hyperplasia? - Answer -an increase in the number of cells
What is hypertrophy? - Answer -an increase in cell size
What is the order of fat deposit? - Answer -1. perinephric (internal, organs)
2. intermuscular (seam fat, between the muscle)
3. subcutaneous (external fat, back fat)
What animal species was domesticated first? - Answer -the dog (14,000 BC)
What livestock species was domesticated first? - Answer -the sheep (8,000 BC)
What were characteristics that were common among the animals that were domesticated? - Answer --
generally lived in comfortable in groups
-had some dominance hierarchy in place
-tolerated humans
-adapted to a variety of enviroments
-reproduced well in capacity
What are some values of domestication? - Answer --increased access to a high quality protein source
-benefit of animal milk and egg production
-most domestic livestock were multipurpose supplying both food and work
-domestic animals served as guardians and in rodent control
-animals were a major source of transportation and power
What is aquaculture? - Answer -farming or rearing of aquatic plants and animals; also known as
"underwater agriculture"
What are the most common aquaculture animals? - Answer -finfish, crustaceans and mollusks
,What is the number one aquaculture animal in production and sale? - Answer -catfish
What is transcription? - Answer -process of building RNA complementary to DNA to produce a protein
What is translation? - Answer -process of using the information from mRNA to assemble amino acids
into a protein
What is a phenotype? - Answer -all of its observable characteristics
What is a genotype? - Answer -genetic makeup of an organism
What is the phenotype influenced by? - Answer -they are influenced both by its genotype and by the
environment
What is a genome? - Answer -the map of all the genes in the animal
What are genes? - Answer -coding portions made up of specific deoxyribose nucleotides (DNA)
How many chromosome pairs do humans have? - Answer -23 pair
How many chromosome pairs do cattle have? - Answer -30 pair
How many chromosome pairs do swine have? - Answer -19 pair
How many chromosome pairs do equine have? - Answer -32 pair
How many chromosome pairs do chickens have? - Answer -39 pair
,How many chromosome pairs do corn have? - Answer -10 pair
How many chromosome pairs do barely have? - Answer -27 pair
What are homozygous pairs? - Answer -animals with matching alleles at a given locus (AA)
What are heterozygous pairs? - Answer -animals with different alleles at a given locus (Aa)
What is the dominant gene action? - Answer -is a member of a gene pair is expressed to the exclusion of
the other
What is the incomplete dominance gene action? - Answer -occurs when no dominance exists and a
heterozygous individual will appear as an intermediate between two alleles
What is epistasis gene action? - Answer -is when many gene pairs act in concert with one another to
produce gene expression
What is the recessive gene action? - Answer -is the member of a gene pair that is only expressed when
the dominant allele is absent from the animal's genome
Explain mitosis - Answer --normal cell division
-ongoing process
-tissue repair, growth, etc
-same genetic material in each cell of the body
Explain meiosis - Answer --formation of sex gametes
-sex cells (sperm and egg)
-only has 1/2 the genetic compliment
-note differences in cell development
, What is selection? - Answer -the process of choosing which animals to be parents
What is a mating system? - Answer -the process of deciding which animals to mate
What is inbreeding? - Answer -mating related animals
What is outcrossing? - Answer -mating unrelated animals from the same breed
What is cross breeding? - Answer -mating animals from different breeds
What are the advantages of crossbreeding? - Answer --heterosis
-breed differences
-most commonly used in swine, beef cattle and sheep
What are disadvantages of crossbreeding? - Answer -management can be difficult in extensive
production systems
Explain heterosis/hybrid vigor - Answer --for most traits, as heterozygosity increases performance
improves
-opposite of inbreeding depression
-primarily associated with crossbreeding
What is hyperplasia? - Answer -an increase in the number of cells
What is hypertrophy? - Answer -an increase in cell size
What is the order of fat deposit? - Answer -1. perinephric (internal, organs)
2. intermuscular (seam fat, between the muscle)
3. subcutaneous (external fat, back fat)
