HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY FINAL
EXIT EXAM BANK 2024 WITH ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY
TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
|ALREADY GRADED A+|BRAND NEW
VERSIONS !!|GUARANTEED PASS
|LATEST UPDATE
A college student is training for a marathon in the mountains. One day, she experiences a sharp pain and
suddenly becomes short of breath. At the emergency room, chest x-ray reveals a spontaneous
pneumothorax. The client asks the nurse to explain why this happened. The nurse states, "For unknown
reasons, you lose intrapleural negative pressure.
A. You must have coughed too forcibly and your air sacs burst."
B. This means your lungs collapsed and expelled its air when you lose negative pressure."
C. You must have a genetic anomaly causing weakened alveolar sacs to rupture."
D. You must have experienced a forced expiration against a closed glottis to cause the lung to deflate."
B. This means your lungs collapsed and expelled its air when you lose negative pressure.
Which of the following individuals is experiencing an immunologic lung disorder affecting ventilation
that has caused the formation of a granuloma on chest x-ray?
A. A 16-year-old girl who must limit her physical activity to prevent the onset of acute asthmatic attacks
B. A 30-year-old African American man who has been diagnosed with sarcoidosis
C. An elderly, lifelong smoker who has been admitted to hospital with emphysema exacerbation
D. An infant whose routine screening is suggestive of cystic fibrosis
B. A 30-year-old African American man who has been diagnosed with sarcoidosis
COPD clients live with persistently elevated PCO2 levels. Therefore, which assessment finding would
likely initiate a stimulus for ventilation in this client population?
1|Page
,A. PCO2 level of 65 mm Hg
B. Pulse oximeter reading of 96% saturation
C. Arterial blood gas pH of 7.35
D. PO2 level of 50 mm Hg
D. PO2 level of 50 mm Hg
Which of the following is most likely to precipitate an asthmatic attack in a child with a diagnosis of
extrinsic, or atopic, asthma?
A. Cold weather
B. Stress
C. Respiratory tract infections
D. Pet dander
D. Pet dander
True or false: Blue Bloaters is an acronym for patients with emphysema.
False
A teenaged cystic fibrosis client presents to the clinic. The health care provider (HCP) knows that cystic
fibrosis (CF) causes severe chronic respiratory disease in children. In addition, the HCP should also focus
his or her assessment on which of the other body systems affected by CF?
A. Central nervous system
B. Cardiac
C. Pancreatic
D. Renal
C. Pancreatic
Which of the following manifestations typically accompanies an asthmatic attack?
A. Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure
B. Decreased residual volume
C. Prolonged inspiration
D. Hyperinflation of the lungs
D. Hyperinflation of the lungs
True or false: The respiratory drive in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be
diminished when administering oxygen to them.
True
A child with asthma is walking outside and develops a bronchospasm. The school nurse knows this
bronchospasm has what effects on bronchioles with airflow? Select all that apply.
2|Page
,A. Inhibits the filtering of dust particles
B. Exerts tension on the bronchiole walls
C. Impairs airflow
D. Narrowing of bronchioles
E. Causes atelectasis in posterior lung segments
C&D
A 2-year-old child is admitted to pediatric unit with bronchiolitis. The nurse calls the physician fearing
the child is going into respiratory failure based on which of the following assessment findings? Select all
that apply
A. Faint wheezes noted in the posterior lung base
B. New-onset expiratory grunting
C. Productive cough with white secretions
D. Increased respiratory rate to 44 breaths/minute
E. Substernal retractions becoming more pronounced
B, D, E
Which of the following assessment findings would lead the nurse to suspect the client has nephrotic
syndrome?
A. Renal colic and increased serum sodium
B. Hematuria and anemia
C. Increased creatinine with normal blood urea nitrogen
D. Proteinuria and generalized edema
D. Proteinuria and generalized edema
A drug abuser was found unconscious after shooting up heroin 2 days prior. Because of the pressure
placed on the hip and arm, the client has developed rhabdomyolysis. The nurse knows this can:
A. Be cured by administering an anticoagulant immediately
B. Obstruct the renal tubules with myoglobin and damage tubular cells
C. Cause compartment syndrome in the lower extremities
D. Cause the kidney to develop renal stones due to stasis
B. Obstruct the renal tubules with myoglobin and damage tubular cells
Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by:
A. Glomerular membrane viruses
B. Catheter-induced infection
C. Vesicoureteral reflux
D. Antigen-antibody complexes
D. Antigen-antibody complexes
3|Page
, A public health nurse is conducting a health promotion class for a group of older adults. Which of the
participants' following statements demonstrates an accurate understanding of the risk factors for
bladder cancer?
A. "I suppose I should listen to my doctor and drink more cranberry juice."
B. "I think I should be okay because there's no history of bladder cancer in my family that I'm aware of."
C. "More than ever, I guess it would worthwhile for me to quit smoking."
D. "I can see that preventing bladder cancer is one more benefit of a healthy diet."
C. "More than ever, I guess it would worthwhile for me to quit smoking."
A child is recovering from a bout with group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus infection. They return to the
clinic a week later complaining of decrease in urine output with puffiness and edema noted in the face
and hands. The health care provider suspects the child has developed:
A. Adult-onset medullary cystic disease
B. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
C. Acute nephritic syndrome
D. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
B. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
A female client asks, "Why do I leak urine every time I cough or sneeze?" The health care worker's
response is based on which physiologic principle?
A. A pressure difference between the urethra and bladder
B. Involuntary bladder continence during filling
C. When intravesical pressure exceeds maximal urethral closure pressure
D. A decrease in bladder distensibility
C. When intravesical pressure exceeds maximal urethral closure pressure
A client is beginning to recover from acute tubular necrosis. The nurse would likely be assessing which of
the following manifestations of the recovery phase of ATN?
A. Diuresis
B. Edema
C. Proteinuria
D. Hypokalemia
A. Diuresis
Many factors contribute to the incontinence that is common among the elderly. A major factor is
increased:
A. Intake of liquids and water
B. Detrusor muscle function
4|Page
EXIT EXAM BANK 2024 WITH ACTUAL
CORRECT QUESTIONS AND VERIFIED
DETAILED ANSWERS |FREQUENTLY
TESTED QUESTIONS AND SOLUTIONS
|ALREADY GRADED A+|BRAND NEW
VERSIONS !!|GUARANTEED PASS
|LATEST UPDATE
A college student is training for a marathon in the mountains. One day, she experiences a sharp pain and
suddenly becomes short of breath. At the emergency room, chest x-ray reveals a spontaneous
pneumothorax. The client asks the nurse to explain why this happened. The nurse states, "For unknown
reasons, you lose intrapleural negative pressure.
A. You must have coughed too forcibly and your air sacs burst."
B. This means your lungs collapsed and expelled its air when you lose negative pressure."
C. You must have a genetic anomaly causing weakened alveolar sacs to rupture."
D. You must have experienced a forced expiration against a closed glottis to cause the lung to deflate."
B. This means your lungs collapsed and expelled its air when you lose negative pressure.
Which of the following individuals is experiencing an immunologic lung disorder affecting ventilation
that has caused the formation of a granuloma on chest x-ray?
A. A 16-year-old girl who must limit her physical activity to prevent the onset of acute asthmatic attacks
B. A 30-year-old African American man who has been diagnosed with sarcoidosis
C. An elderly, lifelong smoker who has been admitted to hospital with emphysema exacerbation
D. An infant whose routine screening is suggestive of cystic fibrosis
B. A 30-year-old African American man who has been diagnosed with sarcoidosis
COPD clients live with persistently elevated PCO2 levels. Therefore, which assessment finding would
likely initiate a stimulus for ventilation in this client population?
1|Page
,A. PCO2 level of 65 mm Hg
B. Pulse oximeter reading of 96% saturation
C. Arterial blood gas pH of 7.35
D. PO2 level of 50 mm Hg
D. PO2 level of 50 mm Hg
Which of the following is most likely to precipitate an asthmatic attack in a child with a diagnosis of
extrinsic, or atopic, asthma?
A. Cold weather
B. Stress
C. Respiratory tract infections
D. Pet dander
D. Pet dander
True or false: Blue Bloaters is an acronym for patients with emphysema.
False
A teenaged cystic fibrosis client presents to the clinic. The health care provider (HCP) knows that cystic
fibrosis (CF) causes severe chronic respiratory disease in children. In addition, the HCP should also focus
his or her assessment on which of the other body systems affected by CF?
A. Central nervous system
B. Cardiac
C. Pancreatic
D. Renal
C. Pancreatic
Which of the following manifestations typically accompanies an asthmatic attack?
A. Decreased pulmonary arterial pressure
B. Decreased residual volume
C. Prolonged inspiration
D. Hyperinflation of the lungs
D. Hyperinflation of the lungs
True or false: The respiratory drive in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can be
diminished when administering oxygen to them.
True
A child with asthma is walking outside and develops a bronchospasm. The school nurse knows this
bronchospasm has what effects on bronchioles with airflow? Select all that apply.
2|Page
,A. Inhibits the filtering of dust particles
B. Exerts tension on the bronchiole walls
C. Impairs airflow
D. Narrowing of bronchioles
E. Causes atelectasis in posterior lung segments
C&D
A 2-year-old child is admitted to pediatric unit with bronchiolitis. The nurse calls the physician fearing
the child is going into respiratory failure based on which of the following assessment findings? Select all
that apply
A. Faint wheezes noted in the posterior lung base
B. New-onset expiratory grunting
C. Productive cough with white secretions
D. Increased respiratory rate to 44 breaths/minute
E. Substernal retractions becoming more pronounced
B, D, E
Which of the following assessment findings would lead the nurse to suspect the client has nephrotic
syndrome?
A. Renal colic and increased serum sodium
B. Hematuria and anemia
C. Increased creatinine with normal blood urea nitrogen
D. Proteinuria and generalized edema
D. Proteinuria and generalized edema
A drug abuser was found unconscious after shooting up heroin 2 days prior. Because of the pressure
placed on the hip and arm, the client has developed rhabdomyolysis. The nurse knows this can:
A. Be cured by administering an anticoagulant immediately
B. Obstruct the renal tubules with myoglobin and damage tubular cells
C. Cause compartment syndrome in the lower extremities
D. Cause the kidney to develop renal stones due to stasis
B. Obstruct the renal tubules with myoglobin and damage tubular cells
Glomerulonephritis is usually caused by:
A. Glomerular membrane viruses
B. Catheter-induced infection
C. Vesicoureteral reflux
D. Antigen-antibody complexes
D. Antigen-antibody complexes
3|Page
, A public health nurse is conducting a health promotion class for a group of older adults. Which of the
participants' following statements demonstrates an accurate understanding of the risk factors for
bladder cancer?
A. "I suppose I should listen to my doctor and drink more cranberry juice."
B. "I think I should be okay because there's no history of bladder cancer in my family that I'm aware of."
C. "More than ever, I guess it would worthwhile for me to quit smoking."
D. "I can see that preventing bladder cancer is one more benefit of a healthy diet."
C. "More than ever, I guess it would worthwhile for me to quit smoking."
A child is recovering from a bout with group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus infection. They return to the
clinic a week later complaining of decrease in urine output with puffiness and edema noted in the face
and hands. The health care provider suspects the child has developed:
A. Adult-onset medullary cystic disease
B. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
C. Acute nephritic syndrome
D. Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
B. Acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis
A female client asks, "Why do I leak urine every time I cough or sneeze?" The health care worker's
response is based on which physiologic principle?
A. A pressure difference between the urethra and bladder
B. Involuntary bladder continence during filling
C. When intravesical pressure exceeds maximal urethral closure pressure
D. A decrease in bladder distensibility
C. When intravesical pressure exceeds maximal urethral closure pressure
A client is beginning to recover from acute tubular necrosis. The nurse would likely be assessing which of
the following manifestations of the recovery phase of ATN?
A. Diuresis
B. Edema
C. Proteinuria
D. Hypokalemia
A. Diuresis
Many factors contribute to the incontinence that is common among the elderly. A major factor is
increased:
A. Intake of liquids and water
B. Detrusor muscle function
4|Page
