AP US History
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) - ANS An agreement between Portugal and Spain which declared that newly
discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly
discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
St. Augustine (1565) - ANS The oldest continually inhabited European settlement in United States
territory.
Mercantilism - ANS European government policies of the 16th-18th centuries designed to promote
overseas trade between a country & its colonies and accumulate precious metals by requiring colonies
to trade only with their motherland country.
New Amsterdam - ANS A settlement established by the Dutch near the mouth of Hudson River and the
southern end of Manhattan Island. Annexed by the English in 1664.
New France (1608) - ANS A French colony in North America. Fell to the British in 1763.
Treaty of Utrecht (1713) - ANS Ended the War of Spanish Succession & recognized France's Philip V as
Kind of Spain, but prohibited the unification of the French and Spanish monarchies; gave England
profitable lands in North America from France.
Jamestown (1607) - ANS First permanent English settlement in the New World located in Virginia on the
Chesapeake Bay/James River; settled by the Virginia Company of London.
*History:*
Original settlers suffered from disease (especially malaria), internal strife, & starvation.
*Leaders:*
*John Smith* - Demanded that "He who does not work, will not eat."
*John Rolfe* - Introduced tobacco to the colony.
,Bacon's Rebellion (1676) - ANS Rebellion of discontent former landless servants led by Nathaniel Bacon.
*Historical Significance:*
Led to a move from indentured servants to African slaves for labor purposes.
Plymouth (1620) - ANS The first permanent English settlement in New England; established by religious
separatists seeking autonomy from the church of England.
Pilgrims - ANS Group of Puritan separatists who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts to seek
religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands.
Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630) - ANS Home to many Puritans who left England because of the
persecution they faced from the Anglican Church.
*History:*
Developed into a theocracy in which the church was central to all decisions; became the first English
colony to establish the basis for a representative government.
*Leaders:*
*John Winthrop* - Envisioned the colony as a "City upon a Hill."
Puritans - ANS English religious sect who hoped to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces
in practice & organization.
John Winthrop - ANS Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony who was instrumental in forming the
colony's government and shaping its legislative policy; envisioned the colony as a "city upon a hill" from
which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.
Roger Williams - ANS Puritan dissenter who advocated of religious freedom, the separation of church &
state, & fair dealings with Native Americans; convicted of sedition & heresy & banished from the colony;
founded Providence Plantation (RI) in 1636.
,Anne Hutchinson - ANS Puritan dissenter who challenged the authority of the ministers, exposing the
subordination of women in the culture of colonial Massachusetts; tried, convicted, & banished from the
colony in 1637.
William Penn - ANS An English Quaker who founded Pennsylvania in 1682 as a "holy experiment" based
on religious tolerance.
Maryland Toleration Act (1649) - ANS The first law on religious tolerance in the British North America;
allowed freedom of worship for all Christians - including Catholics - in Maryland, but sentenced to death
anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus.
First Great Awakening - ANS Religious revival movement during the 1730s and 1740s; stressed the need
for individuals to repent and urged a personal understanding of truth.
*Leaders:*
*George Whitefield*
*Jonathan Edwards* - "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
*Historical Significance:*
Reduced the number of church leaders and led to a schism within the Protestant Church.
Stono Rebellion (1739) - ANS The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period; inspired in part
by Spanish officials' promise of freedom for American slaves who escaped to Florida.
*Historical Significance:*
Led to the Negro Act of 1740 prohibiting slaves from growing their own food, assembling in groups,
earning money, or learning to read and making it more difficult to free slaves.
French & Indian War (1754-1763) - ANS The name for the North American theater of the Seven Years
War & was a successful attempt to move the French out of the Ohio Valley & to stop Indian raids on
frontier settlements.
, *Historical Significance:*
Colonists gained pride in their own military strength, felt more disconnected from Britain, & were left
without fear of French a invasion.
Albany Plan of Union (1754) - ANS Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin that sought to unite the 13
colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies & the Crown.
William Pitt - ANS Statesman who led Britain during the French & Indian War; his decision to pour the
full resources of the British Treasury onto the contest & dramatically increase the number of British
forces fighting in North America was largely responsible for Britain's victory.
Fort Duquesne - ANS French fort that was site of first major battle of French & Indian War; General
Washington led unsuccessful attack on French troops & was then defeated at Fort Necessity, marking
beginning of conflict.
Peace of Paris (1763) - ANS Ended French and Indian War
*Terms:*
Britain gained all of French Canada & all territory south of Canada & east of the Mississippi River.
France & Spain lost their West Indian colonies.
Britain gained Spanish Florida.
Spain gained French territory west of the Mississippi, including control of the port city of New Orleans.
Chief Pontiac - ANS Ottawa Indian who led a rebellion against the British occupying the western parts of
the American colonies after the French & Indian War.
Salutary Neglect - ANS Prime Minister Robert Walpole's policy in dealing with the American colonies. He
was primarily concerned with British affairs & believed that unrestricted trade in the colonies would be
more profitable for England than would taxation of the colonies.
Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) - ANS An agreement between Portugal and Spain which declared that newly
discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly
discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal.
St. Augustine (1565) - ANS The oldest continually inhabited European settlement in United States
territory.
Mercantilism - ANS European government policies of the 16th-18th centuries designed to promote
overseas trade between a country & its colonies and accumulate precious metals by requiring colonies
to trade only with their motherland country.
New Amsterdam - ANS A settlement established by the Dutch near the mouth of Hudson River and the
southern end of Manhattan Island. Annexed by the English in 1664.
New France (1608) - ANS A French colony in North America. Fell to the British in 1763.
Treaty of Utrecht (1713) - ANS Ended the War of Spanish Succession & recognized France's Philip V as
Kind of Spain, but prohibited the unification of the French and Spanish monarchies; gave England
profitable lands in North America from France.
Jamestown (1607) - ANS First permanent English settlement in the New World located in Virginia on the
Chesapeake Bay/James River; settled by the Virginia Company of London.
*History:*
Original settlers suffered from disease (especially malaria), internal strife, & starvation.
*Leaders:*
*John Smith* - Demanded that "He who does not work, will not eat."
*John Rolfe* - Introduced tobacco to the colony.
,Bacon's Rebellion (1676) - ANS Rebellion of discontent former landless servants led by Nathaniel Bacon.
*Historical Significance:*
Led to a move from indentured servants to African slaves for labor purposes.
Plymouth (1620) - ANS The first permanent English settlement in New England; established by religious
separatists seeking autonomy from the church of England.
Pilgrims - ANS Group of Puritan separatists who established Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts to seek
religious freedom after having lived briefly in the Netherlands.
Massachusetts Bay Colony (1630) - ANS Home to many Puritans who left England because of the
persecution they faced from the Anglican Church.
*History:*
Developed into a theocracy in which the church was central to all decisions; became the first English
colony to establish the basis for a representative government.
*Leaders:*
*John Winthrop* - Envisioned the colony as a "City upon a Hill."
Puritans - ANS English religious sect who hoped to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces
in practice & organization.
John Winthrop - ANS Governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony who was instrumental in forming the
colony's government and shaping its legislative policy; envisioned the colony as a "city upon a hill" from
which Puritans would spread religious righteousness throughout the world.
Roger Williams - ANS Puritan dissenter who advocated of religious freedom, the separation of church &
state, & fair dealings with Native Americans; convicted of sedition & heresy & banished from the colony;
founded Providence Plantation (RI) in 1636.
,Anne Hutchinson - ANS Puritan dissenter who challenged the authority of the ministers, exposing the
subordination of women in the culture of colonial Massachusetts; tried, convicted, & banished from the
colony in 1637.
William Penn - ANS An English Quaker who founded Pennsylvania in 1682 as a "holy experiment" based
on religious tolerance.
Maryland Toleration Act (1649) - ANS The first law on religious tolerance in the British North America;
allowed freedom of worship for all Christians - including Catholics - in Maryland, but sentenced to death
anyone who denied the divinity of Jesus.
First Great Awakening - ANS Religious revival movement during the 1730s and 1740s; stressed the need
for individuals to repent and urged a personal understanding of truth.
*Leaders:*
*George Whitefield*
*Jonathan Edwards* - "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
*Historical Significance:*
Reduced the number of church leaders and led to a schism within the Protestant Church.
Stono Rebellion (1739) - ANS The most serious slave rebellion in the the colonial period; inspired in part
by Spanish officials' promise of freedom for American slaves who escaped to Florida.
*Historical Significance:*
Led to the Negro Act of 1740 prohibiting slaves from growing their own food, assembling in groups,
earning money, or learning to read and making it more difficult to free slaves.
French & Indian War (1754-1763) - ANS The name for the North American theater of the Seven Years
War & was a successful attempt to move the French out of the Ohio Valley & to stop Indian raids on
frontier settlements.
, *Historical Significance:*
Colonists gained pride in their own military strength, felt more disconnected from Britain, & were left
without fear of French a invasion.
Albany Plan of Union (1754) - ANS Plan proposed by Benjamin Franklin that sought to unite the 13
colonies for trade, military, and other purposes; the plan was turned down by the colonies & the Crown.
William Pitt - ANS Statesman who led Britain during the French & Indian War; his decision to pour the
full resources of the British Treasury onto the contest & dramatically increase the number of British
forces fighting in North America was largely responsible for Britain's victory.
Fort Duquesne - ANS French fort that was site of first major battle of French & Indian War; General
Washington led unsuccessful attack on French troops & was then defeated at Fort Necessity, marking
beginning of conflict.
Peace of Paris (1763) - ANS Ended French and Indian War
*Terms:*
Britain gained all of French Canada & all territory south of Canada & east of the Mississippi River.
France & Spain lost their West Indian colonies.
Britain gained Spanish Florida.
Spain gained French territory west of the Mississippi, including control of the port city of New Orleans.
Chief Pontiac - ANS Ottawa Indian who led a rebellion against the British occupying the western parts of
the American colonies after the French & Indian War.
Salutary Neglect - ANS Prime Minister Robert Walpole's policy in dealing with the American colonies. He
was primarily concerned with British affairs & believed that unrestricted trade in the colonies would be
more profitable for England than would taxation of the colonies.
