NURS 3031 midterm Questions With Complete Solutions
3 kinds of coding (Morse & Richards) Correct Answer Each
contributes differently to the analysis
1. topic coding (gather material by topic to reflect on all the
different ways people discuss particular topics, to seek patterns
in their responses, to develop dimensions of that experience)
2. descriptive coding (people, places, sites, etc.)
3. analytic coding (development of concepts)
4. broader goal is the discovery of themes ( a common thread
that runs throughout data)
Affinity to quantitative paradigm (SSI) Correct Answer The
focused interview was originally conjoined with experimental
science, constituting the interpretive component to the statistical
analysis.
Contemporarily, the SSI maintains this affinity to the
quantitative paradigm. It has the structure, sample size, and
suitability for quantification that appeals to quantitative
researchers and it is the most frequent qualitative method
included in mixed-method research (Bryman, 2006; Povee &
Roberts, 2015).
Similarly, the SSI method is more compatible with research
ethic reviews that privilege quantitative research and the
unpredictable emergent designs of in-depth interviews. Thus, the
SSI has been able to accommodate the current political
conditions that threaten other types of qualitative research.
An overview methods Correct Answer Miles & Huberman
(1994) identify 6 analytic moves or strategies used in different
ways in different methods
,Meeting and coding data as data records are created
Recording reflections and insights
Sorting and sifting through the data to identify similar phrases,
relationships, patterns themes distinguishing features, and
common sequences
Seeking patterns or processes, commonalities and differences
and extracting them for subsequent analysis
Gradually elaborating a small set of generalizations that cover
the consistencies discerned in the database
Confronting these generalizations within a formal body of
knowledge in the form of constructs or theories
analysis of the semi-structured interview Correct Answer SSI is
characterized by comparing participants responses item by item
All participants are asked same questions in same order, data
collected are comparable and may be numerically transformed
and quantified
The type of data derived from SSIs cannot be obtained using
structured questionnaires, participant observation or analysis of
the literature, although SSIs may be combined with these other
data collection strategies
Data cannot be obtained through unstructured interviews, since
there is no control of the participant's response; SSI participants'
responses are directed to specific areas of inquiry.
Analytic coding Correct Answer As you begin to code for more
categories, topic coding becomes more analytic
Put the category aside and make a special place or way of seeing
the categories that are growing in complexity, start writing your
queries as memos
Indigenous responses "We're only dying when you're here"
,Assumptions and ideas Correct Answer Our views of other
people, situations, and the world can never be deemed objective
or truth or fact.
People are in the world, what we know and experience arises
from who we are
What I take notice of, the meaning I make is funnelled through
my person, what I have experienced, what theoretical knowledge
I have learned, what I am expecting, what I believe and value.
Common pitfalls in interviewing (Morse) Correct Answer
Interruptions e.g. telephone (unplug)
Competing distractions (reschedule)
Stage fright for interviewer and participant (place recorder on
floor)
Being seen as the scientist
Avoid awkward questions (ask questions last)
Income level: give ranges
Jumping i.e. asking questions in an illogical order; match
chronology of the experience
Counseling - transcript reveals too much verbiage from
researcher, less from participant
Conjoint in-depth interviews Correct Answer Generate data
that not only provide rich information but also offer additional
avenues of relevant inquiry
Cross-cultural research where people will not talk alone with the
researcher
Having two people present offered the chance to observe some
of the ways in which people confront the cancer experience as a
shared one and where there may be differences
, Encouraged more disclosure
Joint interviews are useful where a socially defined relationship
or situation is to be explored
E.g. caregivers and carers ie dyads
Conjoint interviews (sandelowski) Correct Answer Practical
and ethical reasons
Infertility tends to be seen as a couple problem
Men are underrepresented in studies concerning infertility
Infertility may disrupt a partnership between a couple, didn't
want to disrupt by interviewing separately
Provide researchers with more data information; can be
elucidated, endorsed, corrected or challenged.
Interchange between the couple provides additional data (that
would be normally hidden)
Constant comparison Correct Answer -Data is coded and
categorized by constant comparison.
-Data is collected à analyzed à codes and concepts are developed
à concepts and subcategories are compared and grouped with
labels into major categories.
-New data is collected- analyzed- codes and concepts are
developed-concepts and subcategories are compared with those
major categories that have been established to determine if there
is a 'fit'. This process helps determine those aspects that make up
the properties and dimensions of categories.
Construction of the interview guide Correct Answer Preparing
the interview schedule
Stems and probes
3 kinds of coding (Morse & Richards) Correct Answer Each
contributes differently to the analysis
1. topic coding (gather material by topic to reflect on all the
different ways people discuss particular topics, to seek patterns
in their responses, to develop dimensions of that experience)
2. descriptive coding (people, places, sites, etc.)
3. analytic coding (development of concepts)
4. broader goal is the discovery of themes ( a common thread
that runs throughout data)
Affinity to quantitative paradigm (SSI) Correct Answer The
focused interview was originally conjoined with experimental
science, constituting the interpretive component to the statistical
analysis.
Contemporarily, the SSI maintains this affinity to the
quantitative paradigm. It has the structure, sample size, and
suitability for quantification that appeals to quantitative
researchers and it is the most frequent qualitative method
included in mixed-method research (Bryman, 2006; Povee &
Roberts, 2015).
Similarly, the SSI method is more compatible with research
ethic reviews that privilege quantitative research and the
unpredictable emergent designs of in-depth interviews. Thus, the
SSI has been able to accommodate the current political
conditions that threaten other types of qualitative research.
An overview methods Correct Answer Miles & Huberman
(1994) identify 6 analytic moves or strategies used in different
ways in different methods
,Meeting and coding data as data records are created
Recording reflections and insights
Sorting and sifting through the data to identify similar phrases,
relationships, patterns themes distinguishing features, and
common sequences
Seeking patterns or processes, commonalities and differences
and extracting them for subsequent analysis
Gradually elaborating a small set of generalizations that cover
the consistencies discerned in the database
Confronting these generalizations within a formal body of
knowledge in the form of constructs or theories
analysis of the semi-structured interview Correct Answer SSI is
characterized by comparing participants responses item by item
All participants are asked same questions in same order, data
collected are comparable and may be numerically transformed
and quantified
The type of data derived from SSIs cannot be obtained using
structured questionnaires, participant observation or analysis of
the literature, although SSIs may be combined with these other
data collection strategies
Data cannot be obtained through unstructured interviews, since
there is no control of the participant's response; SSI participants'
responses are directed to specific areas of inquiry.
Analytic coding Correct Answer As you begin to code for more
categories, topic coding becomes more analytic
Put the category aside and make a special place or way of seeing
the categories that are growing in complexity, start writing your
queries as memos
Indigenous responses "We're only dying when you're here"
,Assumptions and ideas Correct Answer Our views of other
people, situations, and the world can never be deemed objective
or truth or fact.
People are in the world, what we know and experience arises
from who we are
What I take notice of, the meaning I make is funnelled through
my person, what I have experienced, what theoretical knowledge
I have learned, what I am expecting, what I believe and value.
Common pitfalls in interviewing (Morse) Correct Answer
Interruptions e.g. telephone (unplug)
Competing distractions (reschedule)
Stage fright for interviewer and participant (place recorder on
floor)
Being seen as the scientist
Avoid awkward questions (ask questions last)
Income level: give ranges
Jumping i.e. asking questions in an illogical order; match
chronology of the experience
Counseling - transcript reveals too much verbiage from
researcher, less from participant
Conjoint in-depth interviews Correct Answer Generate data
that not only provide rich information but also offer additional
avenues of relevant inquiry
Cross-cultural research where people will not talk alone with the
researcher
Having two people present offered the chance to observe some
of the ways in which people confront the cancer experience as a
shared one and where there may be differences
, Encouraged more disclosure
Joint interviews are useful where a socially defined relationship
or situation is to be explored
E.g. caregivers and carers ie dyads
Conjoint interviews (sandelowski) Correct Answer Practical
and ethical reasons
Infertility tends to be seen as a couple problem
Men are underrepresented in studies concerning infertility
Infertility may disrupt a partnership between a couple, didn't
want to disrupt by interviewing separately
Provide researchers with more data information; can be
elucidated, endorsed, corrected or challenged.
Interchange between the couple provides additional data (that
would be normally hidden)
Constant comparison Correct Answer -Data is coded and
categorized by constant comparison.
-Data is collected à analyzed à codes and concepts are developed
à concepts and subcategories are compared and grouped with
labels into major categories.
-New data is collected- analyzed- codes and concepts are
developed-concepts and subcategories are compared with those
major categories that have been established to determine if there
is a 'fit'. This process helps determine those aspects that make up
the properties and dimensions of categories.
Construction of the interview guide Correct Answer Preparing
the interview schedule
Stems and probes
