Biology 2100 Exam 1 with complete
solutions
evolution |- |correct |answer |-process |of |change |that |has |transformed |life |on |earth |from |its |earliest |
beginnings |to |the |diversity |of |today
Hierarchy |of |Biological |Organization |- |correct |answer |-the |biosphere, |ecosystems |(nonliving |and |
living), |communities |(array |of |species), |populations |(number |of |species |in |area), |organisms |
(individual), |organs |and |organ |systems, |tissues, |cells, |organelles, |and |molecules
reductionism |- |correct |answer |-reduce |view |(zoom |in) |of |complex |system |to |more |manageably |study
emergent |properties |- |correct |answer |-properties |that |emerge |at |each |level |of |biological |organization |
because |of |the |arrangement |and |interactions |of |parts |(ie. |photosynthesis |req. |entire |plant |sun |etc |not
|just |chlorophyll)
structure |and |function |- |correct |answer |-each |level |these |correlate |(alot |of |surface |area |to |absorb |
sunlight)
prokaryotic |- |correct |answer |-bacteria |and |archaea; |lacks |a |nucleus |or |other |membrane-enclosed |
organelles
eukaryotic |- |correct |answer |-plants |animals |etc; |membrane |enclosed |organelles
chromosomes |- |correct |answer |-contain |DNA |which |contain |genes
DNA |- |correct |answer |-structure: |double |helix |of |nucleotides |(A,T,C,G)
function: |sequence |of |nucleotides |produce |certain |proteins |using |RNA
gene |expression |- |correct |answer |-DNA |is |transcribed |into |RNA |then |translated |into |a |linked |series |of |
amino |acid |(protein |monomers) |then |it |folds |into |protein
,organisms |differ |in: |- |correct |answer |-their |nucleotide |sequence |(not |genetic |code!!)
genome |- |correct |answer |-entirety |of |genetic |instructions
energy |flow |- |correct |answer |-enter |through |light |energy, |transfer |into |chemical |energy |in |food, |then |
lost |to |ecosystem |as |heat |or |recycled
enzymes |- |correct |answer |-proteins |that |catalyze |processes
feedback |regulation |- |correct |answer |-output/product |of |processes |regulates |that |process
-negative: |presence/absense |of |product |stops |cycle |(ie |glucose |taken |up |by |liver |and |muscle |cells |
stops |insulin |production)
-positive: |speeds |up |production |(ie. |blood |vessel |damaged |platelets |begin |to |aggregate |which |attract |
more |platelets
three |domains |- |correct |answer |-bacteria |and |archaea |(prokaryotic) |and |eukarya
Kingdoms |- |correct |answer |-plantae, |fungi, |animalia, |protists, |monera |(prokaryotes)
KPCOFGS |- |correct |answer |-kingdom, |phylum, |class, |order, |family, |genus, |species
Darwin |- |correct |answer |-Origin |of |Species: |Darwinism |--> |concept |of |evolution, |descent |with |
modification |and |natural |selection
cohesion |- |correct |answer |-H |bonds |that |hold |water |together
adhesion |- |correct |answer |-clinging |of |one |substance |to |another |(Water |to |glass)
, water |- |correct |answer |-high |specific |heat |(amt |of |heat |to |be |absorbed |or |lost |to |change |1g |by |1˚C), |
high |heat |of |vaporization |(heat |1g |liquid |to |change |to |gaseous), |less |dense |solid
ph |- |correct |answer |--log |[H+] |(lower |pH |the |more |H+ |present)
hydroxyl |- |correct |answer |--OH
carbonyl |- |correct |answer |--C=O
carboxyl |- |correct |answer |--COOH |(function |as |acid)
amino |- |correct |answer |--NH2 |(acts |as |base)
sylfhydryl |- |correct |answer |--SH
phosphate |- |correct |answer |--OPO3(2-)
methyl |- |correct |answer |-CH3
macromolecules |- |correct |answer |-carbohydrates, |proteins, |and |nucleic |acids
dehydration |reaction |- |correct |answer |-covalent |bond |forms |by |removal |of |H2O
hydrolysis |- |correct |answer |-breaking |by |water |addition
catalysts |- |correct |answer |-enzymatic |proteins |regulate |metabolism |by |speeding |up |chem |reactions |
without |being |consumed
polymer |of |amino |acids |- |correct |answer |-polypeptide
solutions
evolution |- |correct |answer |-process |of |change |that |has |transformed |life |on |earth |from |its |earliest |
beginnings |to |the |diversity |of |today
Hierarchy |of |Biological |Organization |- |correct |answer |-the |biosphere, |ecosystems |(nonliving |and |
living), |communities |(array |of |species), |populations |(number |of |species |in |area), |organisms |
(individual), |organs |and |organ |systems, |tissues, |cells, |organelles, |and |molecules
reductionism |- |correct |answer |-reduce |view |(zoom |in) |of |complex |system |to |more |manageably |study
emergent |properties |- |correct |answer |-properties |that |emerge |at |each |level |of |biological |organization |
because |of |the |arrangement |and |interactions |of |parts |(ie. |photosynthesis |req. |entire |plant |sun |etc |not
|just |chlorophyll)
structure |and |function |- |correct |answer |-each |level |these |correlate |(alot |of |surface |area |to |absorb |
sunlight)
prokaryotic |- |correct |answer |-bacteria |and |archaea; |lacks |a |nucleus |or |other |membrane-enclosed |
organelles
eukaryotic |- |correct |answer |-plants |animals |etc; |membrane |enclosed |organelles
chromosomes |- |correct |answer |-contain |DNA |which |contain |genes
DNA |- |correct |answer |-structure: |double |helix |of |nucleotides |(A,T,C,G)
function: |sequence |of |nucleotides |produce |certain |proteins |using |RNA
gene |expression |- |correct |answer |-DNA |is |transcribed |into |RNA |then |translated |into |a |linked |series |of |
amino |acid |(protein |monomers) |then |it |folds |into |protein
,organisms |differ |in: |- |correct |answer |-their |nucleotide |sequence |(not |genetic |code!!)
genome |- |correct |answer |-entirety |of |genetic |instructions
energy |flow |- |correct |answer |-enter |through |light |energy, |transfer |into |chemical |energy |in |food, |then |
lost |to |ecosystem |as |heat |or |recycled
enzymes |- |correct |answer |-proteins |that |catalyze |processes
feedback |regulation |- |correct |answer |-output/product |of |processes |regulates |that |process
-negative: |presence/absense |of |product |stops |cycle |(ie |glucose |taken |up |by |liver |and |muscle |cells |
stops |insulin |production)
-positive: |speeds |up |production |(ie. |blood |vessel |damaged |platelets |begin |to |aggregate |which |attract |
more |platelets
three |domains |- |correct |answer |-bacteria |and |archaea |(prokaryotic) |and |eukarya
Kingdoms |- |correct |answer |-plantae, |fungi, |animalia, |protists, |monera |(prokaryotes)
KPCOFGS |- |correct |answer |-kingdom, |phylum, |class, |order, |family, |genus, |species
Darwin |- |correct |answer |-Origin |of |Species: |Darwinism |--> |concept |of |evolution, |descent |with |
modification |and |natural |selection
cohesion |- |correct |answer |-H |bonds |that |hold |water |together
adhesion |- |correct |answer |-clinging |of |one |substance |to |another |(Water |to |glass)
, water |- |correct |answer |-high |specific |heat |(amt |of |heat |to |be |absorbed |or |lost |to |change |1g |by |1˚C), |
high |heat |of |vaporization |(heat |1g |liquid |to |change |to |gaseous), |less |dense |solid
ph |- |correct |answer |--log |[H+] |(lower |pH |the |more |H+ |present)
hydroxyl |- |correct |answer |--OH
carbonyl |- |correct |answer |--C=O
carboxyl |- |correct |answer |--COOH |(function |as |acid)
amino |- |correct |answer |--NH2 |(acts |as |base)
sylfhydryl |- |correct |answer |--SH
phosphate |- |correct |answer |--OPO3(2-)
methyl |- |correct |answer |-CH3
macromolecules |- |correct |answer |-carbohydrates, |proteins, |and |nucleic |acids
dehydration |reaction |- |correct |answer |-covalent |bond |forms |by |removal |of |H2O
hydrolysis |- |correct |answer |-breaking |by |water |addition
catalysts |- |correct |answer |-enzymatic |proteins |regulate |metabolism |by |speeding |up |chem |reactions |
without |being |consumed
polymer |of |amino |acids |- |correct |answer |-polypeptide
