EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
NR 507 Midterm Exam Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
Glomerulonephritis - Answer✔✔-The glomerular-capillaries can trap blood-borne Ab & Ag-Ab
complexes
- Causes: PRIMARY: infection, drugs, toxins, vascular disorders, ischemia, immunologic responses, free
radicals. SECONDARY: DM, CHF, HIV, Lupus
Triggering event (infection)- Ag-Ab complex formation & deposition in glomerulus- Activation of
complement system & WBC infiltration- Glomerular injury & leakage- Proteinuria/hematuria- edema,
increase creat, azotemia, oliguria
OR
after glomerular injury & leakage- Coagulation cascade activation & FIbrin deposition- Decreased
capillary perfusion- decreased GFR- edema, increase creat, azotemia, oliguria
S1 - Answer✔✔--Closing of mitral and tricuspid valve
- Beginning of systole
S2 - Answer✔✔-- Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valve
- End of systole
Page 1/18
,EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
Valvular stenosis - Answer✔✔-the valve orifice is constricted and narrowed, impeding the forward flow
of blood and increasing the workload of the cardiac chamber proximal to the diseased valve.
Intraventricular or atrial pressure increases in the chamber to overcome resistance to flow through the
valve. Increased pressure causes the myocardium to work harder, causing myocardial hypertrophy.
Aortic stenosis - Answer✔✔-- LV hypertrophy
- L heart failure
- Pulmonary edema
- Exertional dyspnea
-Syncope
-Angina pectoris
- Systolic murmur
Mitral Stenosis - Answer✔✔-- LA hypertrophy
-R ventricular failure
- Pulmonary edema
- Orthopnea
- Respiratory infections
- PH
-Edema
Page 2/18
, EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
-Atypical chest pain
- Diastolic murmur
Stroke volume - Answer✔✔-The volume of blood ejected per bear during systole
Cor Pulmonale - Answer✔✔-right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary
hypertension
Cardiac output - Answer✔✔-HR x SV
-Normal= 5Lpm
-Preload, afterload, contractility, heart rate
Preload - Answer✔✔-The volume inside the ventricle at the end of diastole
Determined by:
- Amount of venous blood returning to the ventricle during diastole
- The amount of blood in the ventricle after systole
Afterload - Answer✔✔-The resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle
total peripheral resistance (TPR)
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
Page 3/18
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
NR 507 Midterm Exam Study Guide with
Complete Solutions
Glomerulonephritis - Answer✔✔-The glomerular-capillaries can trap blood-borne Ab & Ag-Ab
complexes
- Causes: PRIMARY: infection, drugs, toxins, vascular disorders, ischemia, immunologic responses, free
radicals. SECONDARY: DM, CHF, HIV, Lupus
Triggering event (infection)- Ag-Ab complex formation & deposition in glomerulus- Activation of
complement system & WBC infiltration- Glomerular injury & leakage- Proteinuria/hematuria- edema,
increase creat, azotemia, oliguria
OR
after glomerular injury & leakage- Coagulation cascade activation & FIbrin deposition- Decreased
capillary perfusion- decreased GFR- edema, increase creat, azotemia, oliguria
S1 - Answer✔✔--Closing of mitral and tricuspid valve
- Beginning of systole
S2 - Answer✔✔-- Closure of the aortic and pulmonic valve
- End of systole
Page 1/18
,EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
Valvular stenosis - Answer✔✔-the valve orifice is constricted and narrowed, impeding the forward flow
of blood and increasing the workload of the cardiac chamber proximal to the diseased valve.
Intraventricular or atrial pressure increases in the chamber to overcome resistance to flow through the
valve. Increased pressure causes the myocardium to work harder, causing myocardial hypertrophy.
Aortic stenosis - Answer✔✔-- LV hypertrophy
- L heart failure
- Pulmonary edema
- Exertional dyspnea
-Syncope
-Angina pectoris
- Systolic murmur
Mitral Stenosis - Answer✔✔-- LA hypertrophy
-R ventricular failure
- Pulmonary edema
- Orthopnea
- Respiratory infections
- PH
-Edema
Page 2/18
, EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
-Atypical chest pain
- Diastolic murmur
Stroke volume - Answer✔✔-The volume of blood ejected per bear during systole
Cor Pulmonale - Answer✔✔-right ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure due to pulmonary
hypertension
Cardiac output - Answer✔✔-HR x SV
-Normal= 5Lpm
-Preload, afterload, contractility, heart rate
Preload - Answer✔✔-The volume inside the ventricle at the end of diastole
Determined by:
- Amount of venous blood returning to the ventricle during diastole
- The amount of blood in the ventricle after systole
Afterload - Answer✔✔-The resistance to ejection of blood from the ventricle
total peripheral resistance (TPR)
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR)
Page 3/18
