NURS 6010 Exam 4 Practice Questions
And Already Passed Answers.
What are the functions of the GI system? - Answer -ingestion of food
-propulsion of food and wastes from mouth to anus
-secretion of mucus, water, and enzymes
-mechanical digestion of food particles
-chemical digestion of food particles
-absorption of digested food
-elimination of waste products by defecation
-immune and microbial protection against infection
How long is the GI tract? - Answer 7 meters
What are the voluntary functions of the GI system? - Answer -chewing
-swallowing
-defecation
What are the involuntary functions of the GI system? - Answer -peristalsis
-digestion
-absorption
What are the involuntary functions of the GI system controlled by? - Answer autonomic NS and
hormones
What are the 4 layers of the GI tract? - Answer -mucosa
-submucosa
-muscularis
,-serosa
What characterizes the mucosa of the GI tract? - Answer innermost lumen that has mucosal epithelium
What characterizes the submucosa of the GI tract? - Answer second layer that contains various ducts
and glands
What characterizes the muscularis of the GI tract? - Answer third layer that has both circular and
longitudinal muscle layers
What characterizes the serosa of the GI tract? - Answer connective tissue that helps hold the various
components of the GI tract in place
The GI system is controlled by the ______________ NS and the _____________ and ____________
divisions both innervate the stomach - Answer autonomic; sympathetic and parasympathetic
What is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic NS? - Answer acetylcholine
A(n) _____________ in acetylcholine stimulates the GI tract, while a(n) ____________ in acetylcholine
decreases GI activity - Answer increase; decrease
What is the enteric nervous system? - Answer part of the autonomic NS that innervates the small
intestine and its neurons are located solely within the GI tract
The enteric NS is not affected by the ___________ nerve, so if it is severed or damaged, the enteric NS in
the GI tract can still function - Answer vagus
What effect do sympathetic nerves have on the GI tract? - Answer inhibit motility and cause
vasoconstriction
What effect do parasympathetic nerves have on the GI tract? - Answer regulates secretion, motility,
and intestinal reflexes (e.g., relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter)
,What effect does vagal stimulation have on the GI tract? - Answer promotes peristalsis and
segmentation
What is the enteric plexus made up of? - Answer -submucosal plexus
-mesenteric plexus
-subserosal plexus
What do the enteric plexus nerves do? - Answer help regulate motility, blood flow, absorption,
secretions, and the immune response
What are chemoreceptors in the mouth? - Answer taste buds
Which nerve is taste associated with? - Answer olfactory
How many permanent teeth does the adult mouth have? - Answer 32
What is one of the primary causes of poor dental health? - Answer smoking
How much saliva do salivary glands secrete each day? - Answer 1 liter
What is the role of salivary amylase? - Answer increases lubrication and helps break down
carbohydrates
What are the 3 different salivary glands? - Answer -parotid
-submandibular
-sublingual
The parotid gland is very large and is a common site of ____________, typically _____________, as well
as a site of ____________ - Answer stones; calcium stones; infection
, What are the salivary glands stimulated by? - Answer cholinergic parasympathetic fibers
What is the function of saliva? - Answer -protective of teeth
-neutralizes bacterial acids
-has some antimicrobial properties to prevent infection
-mucin lubricates food
What is a characteristic finding in mumps? - Answer unilateral parotid gland swelling
The esophagus contains a mixture of ____________ and __________ muscle - Answer striated and
smooth
The upper 3rd of the esophagus is ___________, the middle section is _________, and the lower 3rd is
___________ and is innervated by the ___________ nerve - Answer mainly striated; a mix; smooth
muscle; vagus
What are the 2 sphincters that are critical for swallowing? - Answer cricopharyngeal muscle and lower
cardiac sphincter
What is the function of the cricopharyngeal muscle? - Answer prevents air from entering the
esophagus
What is the function of the lower cardiac sphincter? - Answer helps control movement of food into the
stomach
What is the function of the epiglottis? - Answer folds downward to prevent food from entering the
larynx and the trachea when swallowing
What are the 3 parts of the stomach? - Answer -fundus - upper portion
-body - middle portion
And Already Passed Answers.
What are the functions of the GI system? - Answer -ingestion of food
-propulsion of food and wastes from mouth to anus
-secretion of mucus, water, and enzymes
-mechanical digestion of food particles
-chemical digestion of food particles
-absorption of digested food
-elimination of waste products by defecation
-immune and microbial protection against infection
How long is the GI tract? - Answer 7 meters
What are the voluntary functions of the GI system? - Answer -chewing
-swallowing
-defecation
What are the involuntary functions of the GI system? - Answer -peristalsis
-digestion
-absorption
What are the involuntary functions of the GI system controlled by? - Answer autonomic NS and
hormones
What are the 4 layers of the GI tract? - Answer -mucosa
-submucosa
-muscularis
,-serosa
What characterizes the mucosa of the GI tract? - Answer innermost lumen that has mucosal epithelium
What characterizes the submucosa of the GI tract? - Answer second layer that contains various ducts
and glands
What characterizes the muscularis of the GI tract? - Answer third layer that has both circular and
longitudinal muscle layers
What characterizes the serosa of the GI tract? - Answer connective tissue that helps hold the various
components of the GI tract in place
The GI system is controlled by the ______________ NS and the _____________ and ____________
divisions both innervate the stomach - Answer autonomic; sympathetic and parasympathetic
What is the primary neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic NS? - Answer acetylcholine
A(n) _____________ in acetylcholine stimulates the GI tract, while a(n) ____________ in acetylcholine
decreases GI activity - Answer increase; decrease
What is the enteric nervous system? - Answer part of the autonomic NS that innervates the small
intestine and its neurons are located solely within the GI tract
The enteric NS is not affected by the ___________ nerve, so if it is severed or damaged, the enteric NS in
the GI tract can still function - Answer vagus
What effect do sympathetic nerves have on the GI tract? - Answer inhibit motility and cause
vasoconstriction
What effect do parasympathetic nerves have on the GI tract? - Answer regulates secretion, motility,
and intestinal reflexes (e.g., relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter)
,What effect does vagal stimulation have on the GI tract? - Answer promotes peristalsis and
segmentation
What is the enteric plexus made up of? - Answer -submucosal plexus
-mesenteric plexus
-subserosal plexus
What do the enteric plexus nerves do? - Answer help regulate motility, blood flow, absorption,
secretions, and the immune response
What are chemoreceptors in the mouth? - Answer taste buds
Which nerve is taste associated with? - Answer olfactory
How many permanent teeth does the adult mouth have? - Answer 32
What is one of the primary causes of poor dental health? - Answer smoking
How much saliva do salivary glands secrete each day? - Answer 1 liter
What is the role of salivary amylase? - Answer increases lubrication and helps break down
carbohydrates
What are the 3 different salivary glands? - Answer -parotid
-submandibular
-sublingual
The parotid gland is very large and is a common site of ____________, typically _____________, as well
as a site of ____________ - Answer stones; calcium stones; infection
, What are the salivary glands stimulated by? - Answer cholinergic parasympathetic fibers
What is the function of saliva? - Answer -protective of teeth
-neutralizes bacterial acids
-has some antimicrobial properties to prevent infection
-mucin lubricates food
What is a characteristic finding in mumps? - Answer unilateral parotid gland swelling
The esophagus contains a mixture of ____________ and __________ muscle - Answer striated and
smooth
The upper 3rd of the esophagus is ___________, the middle section is _________, and the lower 3rd is
___________ and is innervated by the ___________ nerve - Answer mainly striated; a mix; smooth
muscle; vagus
What are the 2 sphincters that are critical for swallowing? - Answer cricopharyngeal muscle and lower
cardiac sphincter
What is the function of the cricopharyngeal muscle? - Answer prevents air from entering the
esophagus
What is the function of the lower cardiac sphincter? - Answer helps control movement of food into the
stomach
What is the function of the epiglottis? - Answer folds downward to prevent food from entering the
larynx and the trachea when swallowing
What are the 3 parts of the stomach? - Answer -fundus - upper portion
-body - middle portion
