Biology 198 (K-State) Test 3 Questions and Correct Answers (Cell Biology)

Three parts of Eukaryotic Cell 1: Membrane Bound Nucleus 2: Numerous Membrane-Bound Organelles 3: Several Rod-shaped Chromosomes Plant Cell Specific Parts Chloroplasts, Cell Wall (Shape) , Central Vacuole (Shape) Prokaryotic Cell Structure Capsule -- Cell Wall -- Cell Membrane -- Ribosomes -- DNA Prokaryotic Cell Single-celled organisms that lack a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelle Plasma Membrane Phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that controls the passage of organic material in or out of cell Cytoplasm Region of cell between plasma membrane and nuclear envelope (70-80% water) Cytosol Water based liquid in Cytoplasm that suspends organelles Nuclear Envelope Double-membraned structure that allows for the passage of ions, molecules, and RNA Chromosomes Structural makeup of DNA Chromatin Unwound chromosomes (overall chromosomal material) Ribosomes Cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis; mRNA directs protein synthesis Mitochondria The "Powerhouse" of the cell (Makes ATP) Peroxisomes Small and round organelles that carry out oxidation reactions; Detoxify body (i.e., the reason detoxification happens in the presence of poison in the body) Vesicles/Endosomes Membrane bound sacs that function in storage and transport (often bound with other organelles)