BIOL 198 Exam 4 Practice Questions and Correct Answers

In the process of transcription, the enzyme _________ uses DNA as a template to make _________. RNA polymerase; mRNA What is the function of transfer RNA? to transport amino acids to the ribosome, where the amino acid is added to a growing protein. What is the genetic code? The genetic code consists of mRNA codons that determine the order of amino acids in proteins during the process of translation. Use what you know about transcription and translation, along with the table at right if necessary, to determine the amino acid sequence produced from this template strand of DNA: 3'-TACCATGGGGCA-5' Met-Val-Pro-Arg Messenger RNA is ___________ in the nucleus of a cell, then provides the template for the process of translation, which occurs in the ____________ of a cell. transcribed; cytoplasm Different versions of a gene that produce proteins with different shapes are called alleles. Are mutations always bad for an organism and why or why not? - No. Mutations sometimes change the shape of a protein so that the protein functions more efficiently. - No. Mutations sometimes cause no change in the shape of a protein so that the protein functions as always. B and C are both correct, but A is not What is a "locus"? The region of a chromosome where a particular gene can be found. You observe two butterflies of the same species. One has solid yellow wings and the other has yellow wings with a black border. The difference in how these two butterflies look is called the phenotype. What part of the production of gametes is explained by the Law of Independent Assortment? the sorting of chromosomes during meiosis 1 so that each daughter cell contains a random selection of either maternal or paternal chromosomes from each homologous pair. What is the basic function of meiosis? Meiosis ensures that each daughter cell has half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.