GENERAL BIOLOGY (BIO 198) FINAL - CHAPTER 7 TEST QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS

Autotrophs able to produce their own organic molecules Heterotrophs live on organic compounds produced by other organisms (they eat autotrophs) Cellular respiration all organisms use cellular respiration to extract energy from organic molecules A series of redox reactions 4 basic steps of cellular respiration glycolysis, nadh and fadh2, pyruvate oxidation, krebs cycle Glycolysis (1) occurs in cytoplasm, 6 carbon breaks into 3 carbon; glucose is oxidized Nadh and fadh2 (2) carry the electrons (transport/carrier molecules) Pyruvate oxidation (3) proteins change shape because of partial charges; acetyl-coa is broken down Krebs cycle (4) releases co2; reduces nad+ to nadh; reduces fad to fadh Dehydration lost electrons are accompanied by protons (a hydrogen atom is lost - 1 electron (neg) and 1 proton (pos)) Redox reactions in cell resp. electrons carry energy from one molecule to another Nad+ accepts 2 electrons and 1 proton to become nadh - reduced (reversible reaction) In overall cellular energy harvest dozens of redox reactions take place; high energy electrons from beginning have lost a lot of their energy to the final electron acceptor Aerobic respiration release of energy (exergonic); final electron acceptor is oxygen (o2) C6h12o6 + 6o2 - 6h2o + 6co2