Table Of Contents:
I. The Cell
1. The Cell in Health and Illness
2. Cellular Injury, Adaptations, and Maladaptive Changes
3. Genetic Basis of Disease
II. Integrated Body Processes
4. Stress, Exercise, and Immobility
5. Obesity and Nutritional Imbalances
6. Pain
III. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis
7. Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances
8. Acid-Base Imbalances
IV. Infection and Inflammation
9. Inflammation and Dysfunctional Wound Healing
10. Infectious Diseases
11. Immune System Disorders
V. Hematologic Disorders
12. White Blood Cell Disorders
13. Red Blood Cell Disorders
14. Platelets, Hemostasis, and Coagulation Disorders
VI. Cardiovascular Disorders
15. Arterial Disorders
16. Ischemic Heart Disease and Conduction Disorders
17. Heart Failure
18. Valvular Heart Disease
19. Venous System Disorders
VII. Pulmonary Disorders
20. Respiratory Inflammation and Infection
21. Restrictive and Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders
VIII. Renal and Urological Disorders
22. Renal Disorders
23. Urological Disorders
IX. Hormonal and Reproductive Disorders
24. Endocrine Disorders
25. Diabetes Mellitus and the Metabolic Syndrome
26. Female Reproductive System Disorders
27. Male Reproductive System Disorders
28. Sexually Transmitted Infections
X. Gastrointestinal Disorders
29. Esophagus, Stomach, and Small Intestine Disorders
,30. Large Intestine Disorders
31. Infection, Inflammation, and Cirrhosis of the Liver
32. Gallbladder, Pancreatic, and Bile Duct Dysfunction
XI. Neurological Disorders
33. Cerebrovascular Disorders
34. Chronic and Degenerative Neurological Disorders
35. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury
36. Psychobiology of Behavioral Disorders
XII. Musculoskeletal Disorders
37. Musculoskeletal Trauma
38. Degenerative Musculoskeletal System Disorders
39. Infection and Inflammatory Musculoskeletal Disorders
XIII. Cancer
40. Cancer
XIV. Integumentary Disorders
41. Skin Disorders
42. Burns
XV. Sensory Disorders
43. Eye Disorders
44. Ear Disorders
XVI. Aging and Multisystem Disorders
45. Pathophysiological Changes of Aging
46. SIRS, Sepsis, Shock, MODS, and Death
,Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
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Multiple Choice
w
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
w w w w w w w w w w w
w 1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
w w w w w w w w
1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
w w w w w w w w w w w w
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
w w w w w w w w w w w
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the
w w w w w w w w w
cellcompartment.
w w
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
w w w w w w w w w w w w
potassium ions. w
w 2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
winthe presence of oxygen?
w w w w
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid w w w
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle w w w w w
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A w w w
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid w w w w w
w 3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
w w w w w w w w w w w
1. 2 ww w
2. 3 ww w
3. 34 ww w
4. 53 ww w
w 4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids w
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids w
w 5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
w w w w w w w w
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
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3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
w w w w w w w w w w w
4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
w w w w w w w w
w 6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
w w w w w w
1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress w w w
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
w w w w w w
3. During a severe hypoxic state w w w w
4. During the processing of prohormone w w w w
w 7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
, 3. Secretory vesicles w
4. Endoplasmic reticula w
w 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
1. Actin and myosin w w
2. Prohormone and tubulin w w
3. Tubulin and actin w w
4. Myosin and prohormone w w
w 9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
www w w w w
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes w
w w w 10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
w w w w w w
1. Accumulation of ganglioside w w
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis w w w w
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity w w w w
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system w w w w w w w w
w w ww 11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
w w w w w w w w w
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
w w w w w w
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
w w w w w w w w w w
3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
w w w w w w w w w w
4. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
w w w w w w w w
w w w 12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely to
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
w beinvolved?
w
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
w w w w w w w w w
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
w w w w w w w w
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
w w w w w w w
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
w w w w w
w w w 13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular
w w w w w w w w w w w
componentis examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
transferred?
w
1. Transfer RNA w
2. Ribosomal RNA w
3. Double helix of DNA w w w
4. Mitochondrial DNA w
w w w 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long,
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
w steepclimb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
w w w w w w w w
1. Cellular hypoxia w
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema w
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
w w w w w w
I. The Cell
1. The Cell in Health and Illness
2. Cellular Injury, Adaptations, and Maladaptive Changes
3. Genetic Basis of Disease
II. Integrated Body Processes
4. Stress, Exercise, and Immobility
5. Obesity and Nutritional Imbalances
6. Pain
III. Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Homeostasis
7. Fluid and Electrolyte Imbalances
8. Acid-Base Imbalances
IV. Infection and Inflammation
9. Inflammation and Dysfunctional Wound Healing
10. Infectious Diseases
11. Immune System Disorders
V. Hematologic Disorders
12. White Blood Cell Disorders
13. Red Blood Cell Disorders
14. Platelets, Hemostasis, and Coagulation Disorders
VI. Cardiovascular Disorders
15. Arterial Disorders
16. Ischemic Heart Disease and Conduction Disorders
17. Heart Failure
18. Valvular Heart Disease
19. Venous System Disorders
VII. Pulmonary Disorders
20. Respiratory Inflammation and Infection
21. Restrictive and Obstructive Pulmonary Disorders
VIII. Renal and Urological Disorders
22. Renal Disorders
23. Urological Disorders
IX. Hormonal and Reproductive Disorders
24. Endocrine Disorders
25. Diabetes Mellitus and the Metabolic Syndrome
26. Female Reproductive System Disorders
27. Male Reproductive System Disorders
28. Sexually Transmitted Infections
X. Gastrointestinal Disorders
29. Esophagus, Stomach, and Small Intestine Disorders
,30. Large Intestine Disorders
31. Infection, Inflammation, and Cirrhosis of the Liver
32. Gallbladder, Pancreatic, and Bile Duct Dysfunction
XI. Neurological Disorders
33. Cerebrovascular Disorders
34. Chronic and Degenerative Neurological Disorders
35. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury
36. Psychobiology of Behavioral Disorders
XII. Musculoskeletal Disorders
37. Musculoskeletal Trauma
38. Degenerative Musculoskeletal System Disorders
39. Infection and Inflammatory Musculoskeletal Disorders
XIII. Cancer
40. Cancer
XIV. Integumentary Disorders
41. Skin Disorders
42. Burns
XV. Sensory Disorders
43. Eye Disorders
44. Ear Disorders
XVI. Aging and Multisystem Disorders
45. Pathophysiological Changes of Aging
46. SIRS, Sepsis, Shock, MODS, and Death
,Chapter 1, The Cell in Health and Illness
w w w w w w w
Multiple Choice
w
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
w w w w w w w w w w w
w 1. Which statement regarding the sodium–potassium pump is correct?
w w w w w w w w
1. The cell’s plasma membrane is more soluble to sodium ions than potassium ions.
w w w w w w w w w w w w
2. The concentration of sodium ions should be higher inside the cell compartment.
w w w w w w w w w w w
3. The concentration of potassium ions should be higher outside the
w w w w w w w w w
cellcompartment.
w w
4. The active transport involves pumping out three sodium ions and pumping in two
w w w w w w w w w w w w
potassium ions. w
w 2. In the absence of oxygen, which cellular function creates the same amount of energy as is created
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
winthe presence of oxygen?
w w w w
1. Dissipation of pyruvic acid w w w
2. Initiation of the citric acid cycle w w w w w
3. Activation of acetyl-coenzyme A w w w
4. Creation of acidosis via lactic acid w w w w w
w 3. How many adenosine triphosphates (ATPs) are produced in aerobic energy metabolism?
w w w w w w w w w w w
1. 2 ww w
2. 3 ww w
3. 34 ww w
4. 53 ww w
w 4. Which cell organelles differ in their number according to the cell’s energy needs?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
1. Ribosomes
2. Mitochondria
3. Ribonucleic acids w
4. Deoxyribonucleic acids w
w 5. Which option best supports the reason more energy is produced when a person is exercising?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
1. Exercise causes an increase in the synthesis of protein.
w w w w w w w w
2. There is an increase in the production of pyruvic acid in the cells.
w w w w w w w w w w w w
3. The conversion of pyruvic acid to lactic acid is increased by exercise.
w w w w w w w w w w w
4. Muscle cells have more mitochondria to meet energy demands.
w w w w w w w w
w 6. When does ribosomal protein synthesis cease?
w w w w w w
1. During endoplasmic reticulum stress w w w
2. During the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
w w w w w w
3. During a severe hypoxic state w w w w
4. During the processing of prohormone w w w w
w 7. Which cellular organelles are responsible for propelling mucus and inhaled debris out of the lungs?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
1. Cilia
2. Microfilaments
, 3. Secretory vesicles w
4. Endoplasmic reticula w
w 8. Which are the key proteins in the contractile units of the muscle cells?
w w w w w w w w w w w w w
1. Actin and myosin w w
2. Prohormone and tubulin w w
3. Tubulin and actin w w
4. Myosin and prohormone w w
w 9. Which deficiency causes Tay–Sachs disease?
www w w w w
1. Proteasome
2. Peroxisome
3. Macrophage
4. Lysosomal enzymes w
w w w 10. Which is a characteristic of adrenoleukodystrophy?
w w w w w w
1. Accumulation of ganglioside w w
2. Cessation of ribosomal protein synthesis w w w w
3. Acceleration of cellular proteasome activity w w w w
4. Accumulation of long-chain fatty acids in the nervous system w w w w w w w w
w w ww 11. Which statement regarding endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is correct?
w w w w w w w w w
1. During ER stress, proteins are rapidly degraded.
w w w w w w
2. During ER stress, lipids cannot travel to their proper intracellular locations.
w w w w w w w w w w
3. During ER stress, long-chain fatty acids accumulate in the nervous system.
w w w w w w w w w w
4. During ER stress, nondegraded substances accumulate in the cells.
w w w w w w w w
w w w 12. A client is diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus. At a cellular level, which function is likely to
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
w beinvolved?
w
1. Inability of ribosomes to produce a specific type of protein
w w w w w w w w w
2. Incorrect processing of a protein by the Golgi apparatus
w w w w w w w w
3. Stagnation of a previously dynamic action in microtubules
w w w w w w w
4. Obstruction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
w w w w w
w w w 13. A newborn patient exhibits characteristics of severe physical deformities. Which cellular
w w w w w w w w w w w
componentis examined to determine the cause and probability of the disease being genetically
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
transferred?
w
1. Transfer RNA w
2. Ribosomal RNA w
3. Double helix of DNA w w w
4. Mitochondrial DNA w
w w w 14. A hiker experiences muscle pain and acidosis while ascending a mountain during a long,
w w w w w w w w w w w w w w
w steepclimb. Which is the reason for these manifestations?
w w w w w w w w
1. Cellular hypoxia w
2. Autolysis
3. Heterolysis
4. Cellular edema w
Copyright © 2020 F. A. Davis Company
w w w w w w
