RTE-1503 Final Exam Study Set with
complete solutions
What does the urinary system consist of?
2 kidneys
2 ureters
bladder
urethra
Why is the right kidney is slightly lower than the left?
due to the presence of the large liver
What lies on the superior surface of each kidney?
A suprarenal gland
What lies anterior to the kidneys and follow the natural curvature of the spine?
The 2 ureters
The kidneys and ureters are located what to the peritoneal cavity?
retroperitoneal
The bladder and urethra are located what to the peritoneal cavity?
infraperitoneal
What makes the kidney lie at a 20° angle from the MSP and 30° from the coronal
plane?
The presence of the two large psoas muscles
,Each kidney is surrounded by a fatty tissue called what?
adipose capsule or perirenal fat
What allows the kidney to be see radiographically?
this fat (adipose capsule or perirenal fat)
The kidneys normally lie halfway between what two points?
the xiphoid process and the iliac crest
The top of the left kidney is usually at the level of what?
T11-12
The bottom of the right kidney is most often at the level of what?
L3
The medial border of each kidney is termed what?
hilum
Where do the artery, vein, ureter and nerves enter and exit the kidney?
hilum
How do the kidneys move with a deep inhalation?
drop 1"
How do the kidneys move while in an erect position?
drop 2"
What is it called if the kidneys drop more than 2"?
Any further than that is a pathology called Nephrotosis
What is the purpose of the urinary system?
The production of urine and its elimination
,How much urine is formed each day?
about 1.5 liters
The term renal parenchyma is a general term used to describe what?
The total functioning portions of the kidney
The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder using what?
slow peristaltic waves and gravity
As the ureters descend, they lie on the ________ surface of the psoas muscles
and enter the bladder on the ___________ surface
anterior, posterolateral
The renal pelvis leaves each kidney at the hilum to become the what?
ureter
The functional unit of each kidney is the what?
nephron there are 1 million in each kidney
How many nephron there are in each kidney?
1 million
What lies directly under the renal capsule?
the cortex
Under the cortex is the internal structure called the what?
medulla
, What is the medulla composed of?
renal pyramids (8-18)
The cortex dips between the pyramids to form what?
renal columns
Renal columns lead to what?
the renal sinus
The renal pyramids contain tubules which empty into the what?
renal papilla (apex)
The blood drains from the renal papilla into the minor calyx which unite and lead
to the what?
complete solutions
What does the urinary system consist of?
2 kidneys
2 ureters
bladder
urethra
Why is the right kidney is slightly lower than the left?
due to the presence of the large liver
What lies on the superior surface of each kidney?
A suprarenal gland
What lies anterior to the kidneys and follow the natural curvature of the spine?
The 2 ureters
The kidneys and ureters are located what to the peritoneal cavity?
retroperitoneal
The bladder and urethra are located what to the peritoneal cavity?
infraperitoneal
What makes the kidney lie at a 20° angle from the MSP and 30° from the coronal
plane?
The presence of the two large psoas muscles
,Each kidney is surrounded by a fatty tissue called what?
adipose capsule or perirenal fat
What allows the kidney to be see radiographically?
this fat (adipose capsule or perirenal fat)
The kidneys normally lie halfway between what two points?
the xiphoid process and the iliac crest
The top of the left kidney is usually at the level of what?
T11-12
The bottom of the right kidney is most often at the level of what?
L3
The medial border of each kidney is termed what?
hilum
Where do the artery, vein, ureter and nerves enter and exit the kidney?
hilum
How do the kidneys move with a deep inhalation?
drop 1"
How do the kidneys move while in an erect position?
drop 2"
What is it called if the kidneys drop more than 2"?
Any further than that is a pathology called Nephrotosis
What is the purpose of the urinary system?
The production of urine and its elimination
,How much urine is formed each day?
about 1.5 liters
The term renal parenchyma is a general term used to describe what?
The total functioning portions of the kidney
The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder using what?
slow peristaltic waves and gravity
As the ureters descend, they lie on the ________ surface of the psoas muscles
and enter the bladder on the ___________ surface
anterior, posterolateral
The renal pelvis leaves each kidney at the hilum to become the what?
ureter
The functional unit of each kidney is the what?
nephron there are 1 million in each kidney
How many nephron there are in each kidney?
1 million
What lies directly under the renal capsule?
the cortex
Under the cortex is the internal structure called the what?
medulla
, What is the medulla composed of?
renal pyramids (8-18)
The cortex dips between the pyramids to form what?
renal columns
Renal columns lead to what?
the renal sinus
The renal pyramids contain tubules which empty into the what?
renal papilla (apex)
The blood drains from the renal papilla into the minor calyx which unite and lead
to the what?
