NSG 1600 UNIT 1 EXAM.
PERIOPERATIVE
What are the 6 types of Surgery and what do they mean?
-Diagnostic: determines origin and cause of disorder (ex: breast biopsy)
-Curative: resolves health problem by repairing or removing cause (ex: tumor or
amputation)
-Restorative: improves patient's functional ability (ex: total knee replacement)
-Palliative: relieves symptoms of disease process, but does not cure (ex: cancer)
-Cosmetic: alters/enhances personal appearance (liposuction)
-Ambulatory: AKA outpatient surgery, refers to going home the same day as surgery.
What are the 3 types of Urgency of Surgery and what do they mean?
-Elective: planned for correction of a non-acute problem.
---Ex: cataract removal, hernia repair, hemorrhoidectomy
-Urgent: requires prompt intervention; may be life threatening if treatment is delayed
more than 24-48 hours.
---Ex: Bone fracture, eye injury, intestinal/bladder obstruction, kidney stones.
-Emergent: requires immediate intervention because of life-threatening
consequences.
---Ex:Gunshot/stab wound, severe bleeding, compound fracture, appendectomy.
,What is Informed Consent?
-Legal process guided by state laws.
-Used for invasive & surgical procedures.
-Physicians role: REQUESTS informed consent
-Surgeon's role: EXPLAIN the need for procedure, what it is.
-Nurse's role: WITNESS the signature. not the fact that the pt is informed. CANNOT
clarify- must call surgeon if pt has questions.
-----If you believe that the patient has not been adequately informed, contact the
surgeon and request that he or she see the patient for further clarification. Document
this action in the medical record.
-Make sure patient doesn't sign any legal documents after he/she is medicated.
How does informed consent work if the patient cannot write or is blind?
-They may sign with an "X" but it must be witnessed by 2 people
What are prophylactic antibiotics used for?
-Used for patients that are at a high risk for surgical site infection and should be
administer one hour prior to surgical incision.
When does the preoperative period begin and when does it end?
-Begins when patient is scheduled for surgery and ends at time of transfer to surgical
suite.
What roles does the nurse have during the preoperative period?
, -Nurse functions as educator, advocate, promoter of health and safety.
What is involved in the skin preparation for surgery during the preoperative
period?
-Shower/bath with antiseptic solution.
-Hair removal by electric clippers or depilatories- shaving ↑ risk for infection, since
any break in the skin is a potential area for infection to occur.
What education does the nurse provide during the preoperative period?
-Fears/anxieties
-Medications/blood glucose
-Surgical Procedure
-Preoperative Routines (NPO, blood samples, showering)
-Invasive Procedures (lines, catheters)
-Coughing, turning, and deep breathing
-Incentive Spirometer
-Lower extremity exercises
-Stockings and pneumatic compression devices
-Early ambulation
-Splinting
PERIOPERATIVE
What are the 6 types of Surgery and what do they mean?
-Diagnostic: determines origin and cause of disorder (ex: breast biopsy)
-Curative: resolves health problem by repairing or removing cause (ex: tumor or
amputation)
-Restorative: improves patient's functional ability (ex: total knee replacement)
-Palliative: relieves symptoms of disease process, but does not cure (ex: cancer)
-Cosmetic: alters/enhances personal appearance (liposuction)
-Ambulatory: AKA outpatient surgery, refers to going home the same day as surgery.
What are the 3 types of Urgency of Surgery and what do they mean?
-Elective: planned for correction of a non-acute problem.
---Ex: cataract removal, hernia repair, hemorrhoidectomy
-Urgent: requires prompt intervention; may be life threatening if treatment is delayed
more than 24-48 hours.
---Ex: Bone fracture, eye injury, intestinal/bladder obstruction, kidney stones.
-Emergent: requires immediate intervention because of life-threatening
consequences.
---Ex:Gunshot/stab wound, severe bleeding, compound fracture, appendectomy.
,What is Informed Consent?
-Legal process guided by state laws.
-Used for invasive & surgical procedures.
-Physicians role: REQUESTS informed consent
-Surgeon's role: EXPLAIN the need for procedure, what it is.
-Nurse's role: WITNESS the signature. not the fact that the pt is informed. CANNOT
clarify- must call surgeon if pt has questions.
-----If you believe that the patient has not been adequately informed, contact the
surgeon and request that he or she see the patient for further clarification. Document
this action in the medical record.
-Make sure patient doesn't sign any legal documents after he/she is medicated.
How does informed consent work if the patient cannot write or is blind?
-They may sign with an "X" but it must be witnessed by 2 people
What are prophylactic antibiotics used for?
-Used for patients that are at a high risk for surgical site infection and should be
administer one hour prior to surgical incision.
When does the preoperative period begin and when does it end?
-Begins when patient is scheduled for surgery and ends at time of transfer to surgical
suite.
What roles does the nurse have during the preoperative period?
, -Nurse functions as educator, advocate, promoter of health and safety.
What is involved in the skin preparation for surgery during the preoperative
period?
-Shower/bath with antiseptic solution.
-Hair removal by electric clippers or depilatories- shaving ↑ risk for infection, since
any break in the skin is a potential area for infection to occur.
What education does the nurse provide during the preoperative period?
-Fears/anxieties
-Medications/blood glucose
-Surgical Procedure
-Preoperative Routines (NPO, blood samples, showering)
-Invasive Procedures (lines, catheters)
-Coughing, turning, and deep breathing
-Incentive Spirometer
-Lower extremity exercises
-Stockings and pneumatic compression devices
-Early ambulation
-Splinting
