LIFE SCIENCES
GRADE 10
REMOTE LEARNING WORKBOOK
1
,TERM 1
2
,Week Topic Page
1 How science works 4
2 Biosphere and Biomes 12
3 Environment and Ecosystems 23
4 Abiotic and biotic factors 26
5 Energy flow 32
6 Water and Oxygen cycles 38
7 Carbon and Nitrogen cycles 44
8&9 Classification schemes and Main groupings 49
3
, WEEK 1: TOPIC: Orientation to Life Sciences
SUB-TOPIC: How science works
NOTES & EXAM TIPS
GRAPHS
Graphs are a way of recording the relationship between two things / factors that
can change in picture form. These factors that change in relation to each other
are called variables.
Graphs are therefore a way of recording large amounts of information in a simple
form that can easily be understood. Graphs make it easier to interpret trends.
Depending on the information we want to record, we can use different types of
graphs. The most common graph is the (jagged) line graph; we will also deal
with bar graphs, histograms and pie graphs.
Before we start, we need to learn the terminology linked to graphs. The following
terms are common to most graphs:
Axis (pl. axes): The vertical axis is the y-axis
The horizontal axis is the x-axis
Origin: The point where the x- and y-axis cross meet.
THERE MUST BE A ZERO AT THE ORIGIN.
Independent variable: always goes on the x-axis.
This is the variable that we can control / change so
that we can see what happens.
Dependent variable: always goes on the y-axis.
This is the variable that depends on the independent
variable i.e. it changes as we change the independent
variable / the variable that is measured.
Scale: This is the way we determine how to plot the
information on the graph and we have to take readings
from the graph and carefully consider it before we start
4
GRADE 10
REMOTE LEARNING WORKBOOK
1
,TERM 1
2
,Week Topic Page
1 How science works 4
2 Biosphere and Biomes 12
3 Environment and Ecosystems 23
4 Abiotic and biotic factors 26
5 Energy flow 32
6 Water and Oxygen cycles 38
7 Carbon and Nitrogen cycles 44
8&9 Classification schemes and Main groupings 49
3
, WEEK 1: TOPIC: Orientation to Life Sciences
SUB-TOPIC: How science works
NOTES & EXAM TIPS
GRAPHS
Graphs are a way of recording the relationship between two things / factors that
can change in picture form. These factors that change in relation to each other
are called variables.
Graphs are therefore a way of recording large amounts of information in a simple
form that can easily be understood. Graphs make it easier to interpret trends.
Depending on the information we want to record, we can use different types of
graphs. The most common graph is the (jagged) line graph; we will also deal
with bar graphs, histograms and pie graphs.
Before we start, we need to learn the terminology linked to graphs. The following
terms are common to most graphs:
Axis (pl. axes): The vertical axis is the y-axis
The horizontal axis is the x-axis
Origin: The point where the x- and y-axis cross meet.
THERE MUST BE A ZERO AT THE ORIGIN.
Independent variable: always goes on the x-axis.
This is the variable that we can control / change so
that we can see what happens.
Dependent variable: always goes on the y-axis.
This is the variable that depends on the independent
variable i.e. it changes as we change the independent
variable / the variable that is measured.
Scale: This is the way we determine how to plot the
information on the graph and we have to take readings
from the graph and carefully consider it before we start
4
