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Exam 1: NURS 615/ NURS615 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Pharmacotherapeutics Complete Review |Qs & As| 100% Correct| Grade A (Verified Answers)- Maryville

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Exam 1: NURS 615/ NURS615 (Latest 2024/ 2025 Update) Advanced Pharmacotherapeutics Complete Review |Qs & As| 100% Correct| Grade A (Verified Answers) Q: What factors affect the 1. Rate of absorption or how fast 2. Extent of absorption or how much of med reaches blood stream. Answer: 1. pH of the environment where absorption takes place. 2. Surface area available (small intestine) 3. Blood supply to absorption site 4. Presence of food, or other materials in GI ( can promote or inhibit absorption) Q: Types of medications Answer: Weak acids: water soluble, polar, and charged (hard time passing through cell membrane) Weak bases: lipid soluble, unpolar, non charged (much easier pass through). The solubility and dependability of medication to pass through cell membrane all depends on the RATIO determined by environmental pH & STRENGTH of weak acid or base. Q: How is the drug strength or a weak acid or weak base measured? Answer: pKa Q: What is the pKa? Answer: pH value of when concentrations of the uncharged and charged forms equal each other. .. Q: Where do weak acids typically absorb best? Answer: Proximal Duodenum Stomach is acidic but not suitable for weak acids to absorb.. mucous layer. Q: Where do weak bases typically absorb best? Answer: Distal ileum Q: Process of Absorption for PO meds. Answer: Mouth, absorbed through walls of small intestine, transported to the liver (via) portal vein. Once in liver hepatic enzymes will METABOLIZE drug.. (known as.. first pass metabolism or first pass effect).. Q: What is first pass metabolism? Answer: Metabolism of a drug before it enters circulation; usually thru stomach, liver, intestine, rectum, lung. Q: First pass metabolism of PO. ...? Answer: Breakdown of MOST meds into the INACTIVE metabolites. Converts prodrugs into active metabolites. Before entering general circulation. Q: Routs that bypass first pass effect? Answer: IV Straight to systemic circulation 100% drug concentration into circulation with IV. IM Transdermal, sublingual, inhalation Q: Bioavailability or "F" Answer: The fraction of an orally administered ,education that reaches CIRCULATION in UNCHANGED FORM. IV = always 100% Q: What is the Distribution? Answer: The movement of medication

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ExamI1:INURSI615/INURS615I(LatestI2024
/I2025IUpdate)IAdvancedI
PharmacotherapeuticsICompleteIReviewI|Qs
I&IAs|I100%ICorrect|IGradeIAI(VerifiedI
Answers)
Q:IWhatIfactorsIaffectItheI
1.IRateIofIabsorptionIorIhowIfast
2.IExtentIofIabsorptionIorIhowImuchIofImedIreachesIbloodIstream.


Answer:
1.IpHIofItheIenvironmentIwhereIabsorptionItakesIplace.
2.ISurfaceIareaIavailableI(smallIintestine)
3.IBloodIsupplyItoIabsorptionIsiteI
4.IPresenceIofIfood,IorIotherImaterialsIinIGII(IcanIpromoteIorIinhibitIabsorption)




Q:ITypesIofImedications

Answer:
WeakIacids:IwaterIsoluble,Ipolar,IandIchargedI(hardItimeIpassingIthroughIcellImembrane)
WeakIbases:IlipidIsoluble,Iunpolar,InonIchargedI(muchIeasierIpassIthrough).I
TheIsolubilityIandIdependabilityIofImedicationItoIpassIthroughIcellImembraneIallIdependsIonIt
heIRATIOIdeterminedIbyIenvironmentalIpHI&ISTRENGTHIofIweakIacidIorIbase.




Q:IHowIisItheIdrugIstrengthIorIaIweakIacidIorIweakIbaseImeasured?

Answer:
pKa

,Q:IWhatIisItheIpKa?

Answer:
pHIvalueIofIwhenIconcentrationsIofItheIunchargedIandIchargedIformsIequalIeachIother.I..




Q:IWhereIdoIweakIacidsItypicallyIabsorbIbest?

Answer:
ProximalIDuodenum

StomachIisIacidicIbutInotIsuitableIforIweakIacidsItoIabsorb..ImucousIlayer.




Q:IWhereIdoIweakIbasesItypicallyIabsorbIbest?

Answer:
DistalIileum




Q:IProcessIofIAbsorptionIforIPOImeds.

Answer:
Mouth,IabsorbedIthroughIwallsIofIsmallIintestine,ItransportedItoItheIliverI(via)IportalIvein.I
OnceIinIliverIhepaticIenzymesIwillIMETABOLIZEIdrug..I(knownIas..IfirstIpassImetabolismIor
IfirstIpassIeffect)..




Q:IWhatIisIfirstIpassImetabolism?

Answer:

, MetabolismIofIaIdrugIbeforeIitIentersIcirculation;IusuallyIthruIstomach,Iliver,Iintestine,Irectum
,Ilung.




Q:IFirstIpassImetabolismIofIPO.I...?

Answer:
BreakdownIofIMOSTImedsIintoItheIINACTIVEImetabolites.
ConvertsIprodrugsIintoIactiveImetabolites.I
BeforeIenteringIgeneralIcirculation.




Q:IRoutsIthatIbypassIfirstIpassIeffect?

Answer:
IV
StraightItoIsystemicIcirculationI100%IdrugIconcentrationIintoIcirculationIwithIIV.I

IMITransdermal,Isublingual,Iinhalation




Q:IBioavailabilityIorI"F"

Answer:
TheIfractionIofIanIorallyIadministeredI,educationIthatIreachesICIRCULATIONIinIUNCHANG
EDIFORM.I
IVI=IalwaysI100%




Q:IWhatIisItheIDistribution?

Answer:
TheImovementIofImedicationIfromIcirculationItoIbodyItissues.

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