ITLS Test Review: Questions With Detailed Answers
Hypoxemia Right Ans - The most common cause of cardiopulmonary arrest
in the trauma patient
Cardiac output Right Ans - Heart rate x stroke volume
Shock Right Ans - Condition that occurs when perfussion of the bodies
tissues with oxygen, glucose, electrolytes and fluid becomes inadequate.
Compensated shock Right Ans - Weakness, lightheaded, pallor, tachy,
diaphoresis, tachypenia, decreased urine output, weak peripheral pulses
Decompinsated shock Right Ans - Hypotension, altered mental status,
cardiac arrest
Early shock Right Ans - Loss of 15-25% of blood volume, tachy, pallor,
narrowed pulse pressure, thirst, weakness
Late shock Right Ans - Loss of 30-45% blood loss, hypotension. Bodies
ability to compensate has failed
Pressence of tachycardia Right Ans - Tachycardia in the resting patient is
always an indication something medically wrong or possibly occult
hemorhage.
Whats considered tachycardia? Right Ans - Above 100 in an adult and
higher in younger ages
Low volume shock Right Ans - absolute hypovolemia, caused by a Weak,
thready pulse,rapid rate,hemorhage, or other major body fluid loss
High space shock Right Ans - relative hypovolemia, caused by spinal injury,
vasovagal syncope, sepsis and certain drug overdoses, normal weak pulse
Mechanical shock Right Ans - cardiogenic shock, also known as obstructive
shock, caused by pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax, massive
pulmonary embolism, or weakened heart muscle(like myocardial contusion or
infarction)
, whats the #1 cause of preventable death from injury? Right Ans -
hemorrhagic shock
hypovolemic shock signs and symptoms Right Ans - tachycardia, pale, and
have flat neck veins
"vasodilatory shock" Right Ans - relative hypovolemia or high space shock
Neurogenic Shock signs and symptoms Right Ans - Decreased blood
pressure, heart rate will be normal or slow and the skin is usually warm, dry
and pink. The patient may also have accompanying parylisis and/or sensory
deficits.
tension pneumothorax Right Ans - High air tension that may sometimes
develop in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall. It prevents
venous return to the heart causing JVD and tracheal deviation
Cardiac tamponade or pericardial tamponade Right Ans - blood fills the
space between the heart and the pericardium squeezing the heart and
preventing the heart from filling. Causes cardiac output to fall resulting in
shock.
"Becks Triad" Right Ans - signs and symptoms of a pericardial tamponade:
Shock, Muffled Heart Tones, Narrowed Pulse Pressures and JVD. (Normal
Lung sounds!)
Myocardial Contusion Right Ans - Heart loses pumping ability due to direct
injury to the heart muscle and cardiac dysrhythmias. Rapid Transport and
cardiac monitoring!
for Cyanosis to occur Right Ans - a patient must have 5 grams of
deoxygenated hemoglobin per 100cc of blood
What is the optimal pulse oximetry reading for patients at risk of shock
Right Ans - 95%
What is the fluid bolus for a patient with shock symptoms? Right Ans - 20
mL/KG IV
Hypoxemia Right Ans - The most common cause of cardiopulmonary arrest
in the trauma patient
Cardiac output Right Ans - Heart rate x stroke volume
Shock Right Ans - Condition that occurs when perfussion of the bodies
tissues with oxygen, glucose, electrolytes and fluid becomes inadequate.
Compensated shock Right Ans - Weakness, lightheaded, pallor, tachy,
diaphoresis, tachypenia, decreased urine output, weak peripheral pulses
Decompinsated shock Right Ans - Hypotension, altered mental status,
cardiac arrest
Early shock Right Ans - Loss of 15-25% of blood volume, tachy, pallor,
narrowed pulse pressure, thirst, weakness
Late shock Right Ans - Loss of 30-45% blood loss, hypotension. Bodies
ability to compensate has failed
Pressence of tachycardia Right Ans - Tachycardia in the resting patient is
always an indication something medically wrong or possibly occult
hemorhage.
Whats considered tachycardia? Right Ans - Above 100 in an adult and
higher in younger ages
Low volume shock Right Ans - absolute hypovolemia, caused by a Weak,
thready pulse,rapid rate,hemorhage, or other major body fluid loss
High space shock Right Ans - relative hypovolemia, caused by spinal injury,
vasovagal syncope, sepsis and certain drug overdoses, normal weak pulse
Mechanical shock Right Ans - cardiogenic shock, also known as obstructive
shock, caused by pericardial tamponade, tension pneumothorax, massive
pulmonary embolism, or weakened heart muscle(like myocardial contusion or
infarction)
, whats the #1 cause of preventable death from injury? Right Ans -
hemorrhagic shock
hypovolemic shock signs and symptoms Right Ans - tachycardia, pale, and
have flat neck veins
"vasodilatory shock" Right Ans - relative hypovolemia or high space shock
Neurogenic Shock signs and symptoms Right Ans - Decreased blood
pressure, heart rate will be normal or slow and the skin is usually warm, dry
and pink. The patient may also have accompanying parylisis and/or sensory
deficits.
tension pneumothorax Right Ans - High air tension that may sometimes
develop in the pleural space between the lung and the chest wall. It prevents
venous return to the heart causing JVD and tracheal deviation
Cardiac tamponade or pericardial tamponade Right Ans - blood fills the
space between the heart and the pericardium squeezing the heart and
preventing the heart from filling. Causes cardiac output to fall resulting in
shock.
"Becks Triad" Right Ans - signs and symptoms of a pericardial tamponade:
Shock, Muffled Heart Tones, Narrowed Pulse Pressures and JVD. (Normal
Lung sounds!)
Myocardial Contusion Right Ans - Heart loses pumping ability due to direct
injury to the heart muscle and cardiac dysrhythmias. Rapid Transport and
cardiac monitoring!
for Cyanosis to occur Right Ans - a patient must have 5 grams of
deoxygenated hemoglobin per 100cc of blood
What is the optimal pulse oximetry reading for patients at risk of shock
Right Ans - 95%
What is the fluid bolus for a patient with shock symptoms? Right Ans - 20
mL/KG IV
