NR 507 Advanced Pathophysiology MIDTERM
EXAM – Questions WITH Answers latest 2024/25
What is the probable cause of cellular swelling in the early stages of cell injury? -
ANSWER Na-K pump fails to remove intracellular Na+
The mechanism for liver damage related to chronic alcoholism is: - ANSWER
Oxidative stress.
Free radicals cause damage by: - ANSWER Giving
up on electron, which cause injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane.
,The loss of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to: -
ANSWER Swell because of the influx of sodium
chloride.
During cellular injury, when the membrane becomes damaged, what is the
mechanism of cell injury? - ANSWER Loss of
permeability.
When a person experiences a myocardial infarction, how long before anaerobic
metabolism ceases? - ANSWER 3-4 minutes.
Left calf being smaller than right calf when a cast is removed is an example of: -
ANSWER Atrophy.
,A young female becomes agitated and apprehensive, and she eventually loses
consciousness. At the hospital ER, the following lab values were obtained:
-Plasma Sodium 137
-Plasma Potassium 5.0
-pH 7.53
-Serum Co2 22
-Plasma Bicarb 24
What is her immediate diagnosis? - ANSWER
Respiratory alkalosis.
What would not shift blood toward pH alkalosis?
-Hydrogen ion secretion into urine
-Exhalation of carbon dioxide
-All of the above would
-None of the above would - ANSWER All of the
above.
, A 76 y/o man was brought to an urgent care facility when he fell after sitting for
prolonged period of time. He is slow to answer questions, has muscle weakness
and cramping, and constipated. He had diarrhea for three weeks. On exam: neck
veins flat, BP low in supine, HR 110, pulse weak + regular, resps 20 but deep. Labs:
Na+ 142, K 2.8.
-What fluid imbalance does he have and why? - ANSWER
Isotonic fluid deficit. (Diarrhea x 3 weeks, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia,
weak pulse and low BP on supine.
A 76 y/o man was brought to an urgent care facility when he fell after sitting for
prolonged period of time. He is slow to answer questions, has muscle weakness
and cramping, and constipated. He had diarrhea for three weeks. On exam: neck
veins flat, BP low in supine, HR 110, pulse weak + regular, resps 20 but deep. Labs:
Na+ 142, K 2.8.
-What imbalance is indicated based on lab results? What clinical manifestations
are noted based on this imbalance? - ANSWER
Hypokalemia. (Muscle weakness and constipation).
EXAM – Questions WITH Answers latest 2024/25
What is the probable cause of cellular swelling in the early stages of cell injury? -
ANSWER Na-K pump fails to remove intracellular Na+
The mechanism for liver damage related to chronic alcoholism is: - ANSWER
Oxidative stress.
Free radicals cause damage by: - ANSWER Giving
up on electron, which cause injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane.
,The loss of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) during ischemia causes cells to: -
ANSWER Swell because of the influx of sodium
chloride.
During cellular injury, when the membrane becomes damaged, what is the
mechanism of cell injury? - ANSWER Loss of
permeability.
When a person experiences a myocardial infarction, how long before anaerobic
metabolism ceases? - ANSWER 3-4 minutes.
Left calf being smaller than right calf when a cast is removed is an example of: -
ANSWER Atrophy.
,A young female becomes agitated and apprehensive, and she eventually loses
consciousness. At the hospital ER, the following lab values were obtained:
-Plasma Sodium 137
-Plasma Potassium 5.0
-pH 7.53
-Serum Co2 22
-Plasma Bicarb 24
What is her immediate diagnosis? - ANSWER
Respiratory alkalosis.
What would not shift blood toward pH alkalosis?
-Hydrogen ion secretion into urine
-Exhalation of carbon dioxide
-All of the above would
-None of the above would - ANSWER All of the
above.
, A 76 y/o man was brought to an urgent care facility when he fell after sitting for
prolonged period of time. He is slow to answer questions, has muscle weakness
and cramping, and constipated. He had diarrhea for three weeks. On exam: neck
veins flat, BP low in supine, HR 110, pulse weak + regular, resps 20 but deep. Labs:
Na+ 142, K 2.8.
-What fluid imbalance does he have and why? - ANSWER
Isotonic fluid deficit. (Diarrhea x 3 weeks, orthostatic hypotension, tachycardia,
weak pulse and low BP on supine.
A 76 y/o man was brought to an urgent care facility when he fell after sitting for
prolonged period of time. He is slow to answer questions, has muscle weakness
and cramping, and constipated. He had diarrhea for three weeks. On exam: neck
veins flat, BP low in supine, HR 110, pulse weak + regular, resps 20 but deep. Labs:
Na+ 142, K 2.8.
-What imbalance is indicated based on lab results? What clinical manifestations
are noted based on this imbalance? - ANSWER
Hypokalemia. (Muscle weakness and constipation).
