ATI Med-Surg Final Practice Questions and Answers Graded A 2024

Which of the following are expected side effects of corticosteroid therapy? A) Hyperglycemia B) Osteoporosis C) Weight loss D) Increased risk of infection - C) Weight loss Weight gain is usually associated with corticosteroid therapy. Your patient is being treated for hyperthyroidism. Which of the following are NOT indicated during your assessment? A) Auscultation of the thyroid B) Palpation of the thyroid C) Heart Rate D) Asking about any recent GI issues (vomiting, diarrhea) - B) Palpation of the thyroid It is contraindicated to palpate an enlarged thyroid, due to risk of causing thyroid storm. When the body senses an overproduction of a certain hormone, it signals to to stop further production. What is this process called? A) Positive feedback B) Negative feedback C) Homeostasis D) Biostimulation - B) Negative feedback In type 1 diabetes mellitus, which cells are destroyed by body's own T cells? A) Beta cells B) Delta Cells C) Pancreatic epithelial cells D) Alpha cells - A) Beta cells Which of the following is NOT a common sign of type 1 diabetes mellitus? A) Increased hunger B) Weight gain C) Excessive thirst D) Frequent urination - B) Weight gain Which of the following is the most significant risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus? A)Family history B) Old age C) Overweight/Obesity D) Ethnicity - C) Overweight/Obesity Which of the following hemoglobin A1c values indicate adequate glucose control in the recent months? A) 8.2% B) 10.1% C) 7.1% D) 5.8% - D) 6.4% A fasting plasma glucose level of 115 mg/dL is indicative of what? A) Type 1 DM B) Type 2 DM C) Pre-diabetic D) Normal - C) Prediabetic (101-125mg/dL= prediabetes) Your patient received their last insulin injection in their right upper quadrant of their abdomen. Where should you inject their current insulin dose? A) Left Arm B) Right Arm C) Right upper quadrant D) Left upper quadrant - D) Left upper quadrant *Rotate within same general site (abdomen) for at least one week) You just gave your patient an injection of Lispro. When should you expect the peak of action to occur? A) 15 minutes B) 2 hours C) 4 hours D) 8 hours - B) 2 hours Lispro is rapid acting At 0600, your patient's capillary glucose level is 210mg/dL. They are currently on the long-acting Lantus insulin. What is the most likely cause of the hyperglycemia? A) Dawn Phenomenon B) Patient ate soon before bed C) Somogyi Effect D) Diabetic Ketoacidosis - C) Somogyi effect What is the proper treatment for an individual experiencing hyperglycemia related to the Somogyi effect? (Select all that apply). A) Less insulin B) More insulin C) Bedtime snack D) Fasting at least four hours before bed - A) Less inuslin C) Bedtime snack Your diabetic patient has been taking Metformin for the past three years. He is scheduled for a total knee replacement surgery in four days. What should you include in pre-operative teaching? A) Take an extra dose of Metformin the day of the surgery. Glucose control is very important during surgery. B) Discontinue Metformin 2 days prior to surgery. C) Eat a moderate amount of carbohydrates the day before surgery so he doesn't get hypoglycemic - B) D/c metformin 2 days before surgery When a diabetic patient is beginning an exercise plan, when should they measure their blood glucose levels? A) Before B) During C) After D) All of the above - D) All of the above Which of the following would you expect to see in a patient experiencing DKA? A) Kussmaul respirations B) Cheyne-Stokes respirations C) Biot's respirations D) Hypoventilation - A) Kussmaul respirations Deep and fast, blowing off excess CO2 to compensate for metabolic acidosis Which of the following should you do first for a patient experiencing DKA? A) Administer potassium B) Start an insulin drip C) Bolus IV fluids D) Administer sodium bicarbonate - C) Bolus IV fluids They are experiencing severe dehydration, which can lead to hypovolemic shock. They need fluid resuscitation to raise BP and urine output. Which of the following is NOT a counterregulatory mechanism for hypoglycemia? A) Production of epinephrine B) Production of glucagon C) Suppression of insulin secretion D) Secretion of amylin - D) Secretion of amylin It is cosecreted with insulin Which of the following snacks are most appropriate for your conscious patient, who has a blood sugar of 56 mg/dL? A) Oatmeal raisin cookie B) Glass of whole milk C) Candy bar D) Apple juice - D) Apple juice Which of the following is contraindicated in a diabetic foot care regimen? A) Wearing leather shoes B) Patting feet dry gently C) Applying lotion between toes D) Wearing clean, absorbent socks - C) Applying lotion between toes