Semmelweis Entrance Exam Medicine
Biology
What are carbohydrates and lipids? - Answer- Organic compounds that are mostly
composed of three types of atom; carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What do carbohydrates do? - Answer- provide energy, in the form of sugars like
glucose and fructose, but they also make up structures like cellulose, which form the
cell wall of plant cells
What type of carbohydrate is the most important source of energy? - Answer- mono-,
di- and poly-saccharides
What are mono and disaccharides? - Answer- polar and soluble in water
What are polysaccharides? - Answer- Macromolecules resulting from polymerisation
(condensation) of sugars and are not soluble in water
Examples of monosaccharides - Answer- ribose, glucose, fructose, galactose
What forms a disaccharide? - Answer- two monosaccharides linked together by
condensation reactions with glycosidic bonds releasing one H2O molecule
Alpha glucose structure - Answer-
Beta glucose structure - Answer-
Examples of Polysaccharides - Answer- cellulose, glycogen and starch
Monomer of Sucrose - Answer- glucose and fructose
monomer of maltose - Answer- glucose and glucose
monomer of lactose - Answer- glucose and galactose
monomer of starch - Answer- glucose
monomer of glycogen - Answer- glucose
monomer of cellulose - Answer- glucose
In animals, what carbohydrate stores energy? - Answer- glycogen
What jobs do carbohydrates have other than storing energy? - Answer- structural
components
, What differs the polysaccharides all made up of glucose? - Answer- they differ in the
arrangement of glucose molecules and position of the glycosidic bonds
Starch arrangement - Answer- amylopectin branched, amylose linear
What is galactose? - Answer- a sugar in milk
What is fructose? - Answer- a sugar found in fruit and honey
Main characteristic of lipids? - Answer- little to no affinity to water, mostly
hydrophobic
What are the simple forms of lipids? - Answer- fat, oil and wax
What are lipids characteristics in different solvents? - Answer- they are non-polar
and insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents
What are triglycerides? - Answer- the main group of lipids. They are formed by
condensation reactions between one glycerol and three fatty acids, creating ester
bonds
What are the main types of triglycerides? - Answer- fats and oils. Fats are solid and
oil liquid at room temp
What are fatty acids? - Answer- carboxylic acids, possessing a -COOH functional
group
What are the two basic forms of fatty acids? - Answer- saturated and unsaturated
What differs saturated from unsaturated fatty acids? - Answer- Unsaturated fatty
acids have double bonds; a monounsaturated having one, whereas a
polyunsaturated having multiple
What are cis and trans isomers? - Answer- cis having the double bond elements on
the same side, trans on opposite
Benefit of lipids over carbohydrates? - Answer- Lipids have a higher energy content
and can act as thermal insulators
What is the primary protein structure? - Answer- the number and sequence of amino
acids in a polypeptide
What is the secondary protein structure? - Answer- Beta pleated sheet and alpha
helix. Hydrogen bonds between polypeptides form these structures
What is the tertiary protein structure? - Answer- three dimensional conformation.
Forms when a polypeptide folds up after translation. Stabilized by intramolecular
bonds between amino acids and polypeptides
Biology
What are carbohydrates and lipids? - Answer- Organic compounds that are mostly
composed of three types of atom; carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
What do carbohydrates do? - Answer- provide energy, in the form of sugars like
glucose and fructose, but they also make up structures like cellulose, which form the
cell wall of plant cells
What type of carbohydrate is the most important source of energy? - Answer- mono-,
di- and poly-saccharides
What are mono and disaccharides? - Answer- polar and soluble in water
What are polysaccharides? - Answer- Macromolecules resulting from polymerisation
(condensation) of sugars and are not soluble in water
Examples of monosaccharides - Answer- ribose, glucose, fructose, galactose
What forms a disaccharide? - Answer- two monosaccharides linked together by
condensation reactions with glycosidic bonds releasing one H2O molecule
Alpha glucose structure - Answer-
Beta glucose structure - Answer-
Examples of Polysaccharides - Answer- cellulose, glycogen and starch
Monomer of Sucrose - Answer- glucose and fructose
monomer of maltose - Answer- glucose and glucose
monomer of lactose - Answer- glucose and galactose
monomer of starch - Answer- glucose
monomer of glycogen - Answer- glucose
monomer of cellulose - Answer- glucose
In animals, what carbohydrate stores energy? - Answer- glycogen
What jobs do carbohydrates have other than storing energy? - Answer- structural
components
, What differs the polysaccharides all made up of glucose? - Answer- they differ in the
arrangement of glucose molecules and position of the glycosidic bonds
Starch arrangement - Answer- amylopectin branched, amylose linear
What is galactose? - Answer- a sugar in milk
What is fructose? - Answer- a sugar found in fruit and honey
Main characteristic of lipids? - Answer- little to no affinity to water, mostly
hydrophobic
What are the simple forms of lipids? - Answer- fat, oil and wax
What are lipids characteristics in different solvents? - Answer- they are non-polar
and insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents
What are triglycerides? - Answer- the main group of lipids. They are formed by
condensation reactions between one glycerol and three fatty acids, creating ester
bonds
What are the main types of triglycerides? - Answer- fats and oils. Fats are solid and
oil liquid at room temp
What are fatty acids? - Answer- carboxylic acids, possessing a -COOH functional
group
What are the two basic forms of fatty acids? - Answer- saturated and unsaturated
What differs saturated from unsaturated fatty acids? - Answer- Unsaturated fatty
acids have double bonds; a monounsaturated having one, whereas a
polyunsaturated having multiple
What are cis and trans isomers? - Answer- cis having the double bond elements on
the same side, trans on opposite
Benefit of lipids over carbohydrates? - Answer- Lipids have a higher energy content
and can act as thermal insulators
What is the primary protein structure? - Answer- the number and sequence of amino
acids in a polypeptide
What is the secondary protein structure? - Answer- Beta pleated sheet and alpha
helix. Hydrogen bonds between polypeptides form these structures
What is the tertiary protein structure? - Answer- three dimensional conformation.
Forms when a polypeptide folds up after translation. Stabilized by intramolecular
bonds between amino acids and polypeptides
