NTR 301 Midterm 1 With
Complete Solution
Phytonutrients - ANSWER phyto: plant
found in fruits and vegetables, not necessary for life but protect against
disease
How many essential nutrients are there? - ANSWER 45
Name the 4 macronutrients: - ANSWER carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and
water
Name the 2 micronutrients: - ANSWER vitamins and minerals
Main function of macronutrients? - ANSWER supply us with energy (besides
water)
Units of energy for food? - ANSWER calorie
Calorie - ANSWER unit of heat equal to the amount of energy necessary to
raise 1g of water by 1 C
measures potential energy within foods macronutrients
Nutrition - ANSWER the process of being nourished or nourishment
process by which a living organism assimilates and uses food
Assimilate - ANSWER to take in, digest, and transform into living tissue
nourish - ANSWER to provide with substances necessary for life and growth
,What provides the nourishment? - ANSWER nutrients
Essential nutrients - ANSWER when food is the only source (or main source)
of a nutrient
the body cannot make it or cannot get enough of it. we must utilize our diet
Example of essential nutrients - ANSWER vitamin C
-can lead to deficiency disease, scurvy
Example of a non-essential nutrient - ANSWER cholesterol (made in liver)
Examples of Phytonutrients - ANSWER Lycopene and Lutein (not necessarily
needed to know)
Macro means - ANSWER larger
Macronutrients are present in the body in _______ amounts - ANSWER
relatively large
Macronutrient requirements daily are... - ANSWER relatively high
Macronutrients are present in food at a ______ rate - ANSWER relatively large
How large is large? how many grams in an oz? - ANSWER 28g in 1 oz
How many cal/g in lipids? - ANSWER 9 cal/g
How many cal/g in protein? - ANSWER 4 cal/g
How many cal/g in carbs? - ANSWER 4 cal/g
There is one other calorie source in a diet. What is it? - ANSWER alcohol
(ethonol)
How many calories does ethanol provide? - ANSWER 7 cal/g
,Manufacturers want you to think that giving you energy means: - ANSWER
awareness/altertness/caffeine
Micronutrients size - ANSWER millograms (mg) = 1/1000 of a gram
How much is a microgram (ug) - ANSWER 000 000 th of a gram
T or F? the b vitamin folate is required in only very small amounts
(milligram). That means you need to eat only very small amounts of food to
get an adequate supply? - ANSWER False
How many lbs in kg - ANSWER 2.2 lbs per kg
how many grams is 1 lb? - ANSWER 454
how many grams in 1 once? - ANSWER 28
how many cups in a liter? - ANSWER 4
how many mL in a cup - ANSWER 236
Break food down into two categories - ANSWER nutrients and phytonutrients
break nutrients down into two categories - ANSWER essential and
nonessential
essential? - ANSWER body can't make at all or enough
non-essential? - ANSWER body can make what is needed
break essential into 2 groups - ANSWER macronutrients and micronutrients
macro? - ANSWER protein, carbs, lipids, water
micro? - ANSWER vitamins and minerals
Nutrient-based Dietary recommendations - ANSWER fiber, protein, and all
, vitamins and minerals. UL.s for some vitamins and minerals
protein, carbs, fat given in % of total calories
each of these are split into Daily Values (used for food labeling only)
Food based recommendations - ANSWER dietary guidlines,
choosemyplate.gov
5 zones of intake of essential nutirents - ANSWER deficient
marginal
optimal
over-consumption
excess
For each of these categories (5) what are the 3 characteristics of interest? -
ANSWER level of intake, time frame, and outcome
Deficient Intake
-level of intake
-time frame
-outcome - ANSWER little or no intake
over weeks to years resulting in specific set of symptoms known as
deficiency diseases
Examples of deficiency diseases: vitamin c --> scurvy
niacin ---> pellagra
Thiamin ---> beriberi
Complete Solution
Phytonutrients - ANSWER phyto: plant
found in fruits and vegetables, not necessary for life but protect against
disease
How many essential nutrients are there? - ANSWER 45
Name the 4 macronutrients: - ANSWER carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and
water
Name the 2 micronutrients: - ANSWER vitamins and minerals
Main function of macronutrients? - ANSWER supply us with energy (besides
water)
Units of energy for food? - ANSWER calorie
Calorie - ANSWER unit of heat equal to the amount of energy necessary to
raise 1g of water by 1 C
measures potential energy within foods macronutrients
Nutrition - ANSWER the process of being nourished or nourishment
process by which a living organism assimilates and uses food
Assimilate - ANSWER to take in, digest, and transform into living tissue
nourish - ANSWER to provide with substances necessary for life and growth
,What provides the nourishment? - ANSWER nutrients
Essential nutrients - ANSWER when food is the only source (or main source)
of a nutrient
the body cannot make it or cannot get enough of it. we must utilize our diet
Example of essential nutrients - ANSWER vitamin C
-can lead to deficiency disease, scurvy
Example of a non-essential nutrient - ANSWER cholesterol (made in liver)
Examples of Phytonutrients - ANSWER Lycopene and Lutein (not necessarily
needed to know)
Macro means - ANSWER larger
Macronutrients are present in the body in _______ amounts - ANSWER
relatively large
Macronutrient requirements daily are... - ANSWER relatively high
Macronutrients are present in food at a ______ rate - ANSWER relatively large
How large is large? how many grams in an oz? - ANSWER 28g in 1 oz
How many cal/g in lipids? - ANSWER 9 cal/g
How many cal/g in protein? - ANSWER 4 cal/g
How many cal/g in carbs? - ANSWER 4 cal/g
There is one other calorie source in a diet. What is it? - ANSWER alcohol
(ethonol)
How many calories does ethanol provide? - ANSWER 7 cal/g
,Manufacturers want you to think that giving you energy means: - ANSWER
awareness/altertness/caffeine
Micronutrients size - ANSWER millograms (mg) = 1/1000 of a gram
How much is a microgram (ug) - ANSWER 000 000 th of a gram
T or F? the b vitamin folate is required in only very small amounts
(milligram). That means you need to eat only very small amounts of food to
get an adequate supply? - ANSWER False
How many lbs in kg - ANSWER 2.2 lbs per kg
how many grams is 1 lb? - ANSWER 454
how many grams in 1 once? - ANSWER 28
how many cups in a liter? - ANSWER 4
how many mL in a cup - ANSWER 236
Break food down into two categories - ANSWER nutrients and phytonutrients
break nutrients down into two categories - ANSWER essential and
nonessential
essential? - ANSWER body can't make at all or enough
non-essential? - ANSWER body can make what is needed
break essential into 2 groups - ANSWER macronutrients and micronutrients
macro? - ANSWER protein, carbs, lipids, water
micro? - ANSWER vitamins and minerals
Nutrient-based Dietary recommendations - ANSWER fiber, protein, and all
, vitamins and minerals. UL.s for some vitamins and minerals
protein, carbs, fat given in % of total calories
each of these are split into Daily Values (used for food labeling only)
Food based recommendations - ANSWER dietary guidlines,
choosemyplate.gov
5 zones of intake of essential nutirents - ANSWER deficient
marginal
optimal
over-consumption
excess
For each of these categories (5) what are the 3 characteristics of interest? -
ANSWER level of intake, time frame, and outcome
Deficient Intake
-level of intake
-time frame
-outcome - ANSWER little or no intake
over weeks to years resulting in specific set of symptoms known as
deficiency diseases
Examples of deficiency diseases: vitamin c --> scurvy
niacin ---> pellagra
Thiamin ---> beriberi
