NTR 301 Final Exam With
Complete Solution
Which of the following statements about essential nutrients is/are correct? -
ANSWER -cholesterol is not an essential nutrient
-the only way to obtain essential nutrients is by eating food that provides.
them
-a protein is an example of an essential nutrient
Which of the following statements about vitamins are correct? - ANSWER
-vitamins are present in our bodies in small amounts
-vitamins have requirements that are relatively small
-vitamins are present in food in small amounts
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the term "calorie"
(or kilocalorie)? Pick all that apply. - ANSWER -It is a unit of heat equal to the
amount of energy necessary to raise 1000 g of water by 1 degrees C
-It is a way to quantify the energy that fuels the body from food
After completing your food diary for this class, you see that you consume
300% of the DRI for Vitamin B6, 100% of the DRI for Vitamin B12, and 150%
of the DRI for Calcium, and 40% of the DRI for Vitamin C. Which of the
following statements is/are CORRECT? (Vitamins C, B6, and B12 are water
soluble vitamins and excess amounts are excreted in the urine). - ANSWER
-your intake of vitamin C is marginal
,-you should increase your intake of vitamin C
Which of the following statements are CORRECT regarding the DRI's for
vitamins, minerals, and protein? - ANSWER -they are set at fixed, but
generous amounts
-they are expressed in gram, milligram, and microgram amounts
-they are recommended levels of nutrients that should be met on average,
over a period of time, not necessarily everyday
Anna was talking to her great-grandmother (Ethel) about nutrient needs now
compared to when Ethel was younger. Which of the following are ACCURATE
conversations they may have about the differences in the DRIs that they both
know/knew? - ANSWER -the DRIs Anna is familiar with take into
consideration prevention of chronic diseases
-the DRIs Ethel is familiar with take into consideration the prevention of
deficiency diseases
Why is it so much more difficult to study heart disease (a chronic disease)
than it is to study scurvy (a deficiency disease)? - ANSWER -Deficiency
diseases only have one, direct cause
-chronic diseases have many potential causes, including diet and other
lifestyle factors
-chronic diseases take years to develop, while deficiency diseases sometimes
only take weeks
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding the definition
,of marginal in regards to nutrient intake? - ANSWER -Many factors can
contribute to marginal intakes of nutrients in the US, including disability,
education, and socioeconomic status
Why were the DRIs initially developed in the 1940s? - ANSWER
-micronutrient deficiencies were a problem and were preventing people from
being fit to fight in war
Which of the following statements is correct about the DRIs for protein? -
ANSWER -there is a DRI fro protein expressed as a percent because it
contributes calories to our diet
-there is a DRI for protein expressed as grams per unit of body weight to
make sure that other functions are being met
Upon completing your food diary for this class, you discover that your intake
of iron over the 5-7 day period exceeds the DRI. However, you're surprised
by that finding because you're actually anemic. Which of the following
statements could explain what is going on in this scenario? - ANSWER
-dietary intake does not always predict what is actually happening inside the
body
-you could have consumed enough iron during the week you recorded your
food intake, but the food diary is not reflective of iron intake over a longer
period of time
Confounding factor - ANSWER Associated with the exposure and the
outcome and can make the two appear more related to each other than they
really are.
Experimental group - ANSWER The participants in a study who receive the
real treatment or intervention under investigation.
, Control Group - ANSWER A group of individuals with characteristics that
match the group being treated in an intervention study but who receive a
sham treatment or no treatment at all.
Placebo - ANSWER A sham or neutral treatment given to a control group.
Epidemiological study - ANSWER A study of a population that searches for
possible correlations between nutrition factors and health patterns over time.
A clinical trial is being done to find out if there is a link between breast
cancer and diets that are high in fat. However, people who consume diets
high in fat may also have other characteristics of their lifestyle that increase
their risk for breast cancer. How can researchers overcome the problem of
these confounding factors in a clinical trial? - ANSWER -researchers can
randomly assign participants to a treatment or control group
Allen is a researcher studying how well calcium and phosphorus are absorbed
in the GI tract of babies that are born too early. He is researching various
diets to see which diet provides the most available type of nutrients for
absorption. Why would Allen choose to do this type of study using in-vitro
methods instead of with humans or animals? - ANSWER -an in-vitro type
study will give Allen insight into potential mechanisms of nutrient absorption
-in-vitro studies can give you information without subjecting humans or
animals to potential harm
-in-vitro studies allow for strict control over the environment
Which of the following are limitations of observational studies? - ANSWER
-they may be affected by the presence of confounding factors
-the characteristics of the study group may not be representative of the
Complete Solution
Which of the following statements about essential nutrients is/are correct? -
ANSWER -cholesterol is not an essential nutrient
-the only way to obtain essential nutrients is by eating food that provides.
them
-a protein is an example of an essential nutrient
Which of the following statements about vitamins are correct? - ANSWER
-vitamins are present in our bodies in small amounts
-vitamins have requirements that are relatively small
-vitamins are present in food in small amounts
Which of the following statements is CORRECT regarding the term "calorie"
(or kilocalorie)? Pick all that apply. - ANSWER -It is a unit of heat equal to the
amount of energy necessary to raise 1000 g of water by 1 degrees C
-It is a way to quantify the energy that fuels the body from food
After completing your food diary for this class, you see that you consume
300% of the DRI for Vitamin B6, 100% of the DRI for Vitamin B12, and 150%
of the DRI for Calcium, and 40% of the DRI for Vitamin C. Which of the
following statements is/are CORRECT? (Vitamins C, B6, and B12 are water
soluble vitamins and excess amounts are excreted in the urine). - ANSWER
-your intake of vitamin C is marginal
,-you should increase your intake of vitamin C
Which of the following statements are CORRECT regarding the DRI's for
vitamins, minerals, and protein? - ANSWER -they are set at fixed, but
generous amounts
-they are expressed in gram, milligram, and microgram amounts
-they are recommended levels of nutrients that should be met on average,
over a period of time, not necessarily everyday
Anna was talking to her great-grandmother (Ethel) about nutrient needs now
compared to when Ethel was younger. Which of the following are ACCURATE
conversations they may have about the differences in the DRIs that they both
know/knew? - ANSWER -the DRIs Anna is familiar with take into
consideration prevention of chronic diseases
-the DRIs Ethel is familiar with take into consideration the prevention of
deficiency diseases
Why is it so much more difficult to study heart disease (a chronic disease)
than it is to study scurvy (a deficiency disease)? - ANSWER -Deficiency
diseases only have one, direct cause
-chronic diseases have many potential causes, including diet and other
lifestyle factors
-chronic diseases take years to develop, while deficiency diseases sometimes
only take weeks
Which of the following statements is/are CORRECT regarding the definition
,of marginal in regards to nutrient intake? - ANSWER -Many factors can
contribute to marginal intakes of nutrients in the US, including disability,
education, and socioeconomic status
Why were the DRIs initially developed in the 1940s? - ANSWER
-micronutrient deficiencies were a problem and were preventing people from
being fit to fight in war
Which of the following statements is correct about the DRIs for protein? -
ANSWER -there is a DRI fro protein expressed as a percent because it
contributes calories to our diet
-there is a DRI for protein expressed as grams per unit of body weight to
make sure that other functions are being met
Upon completing your food diary for this class, you discover that your intake
of iron over the 5-7 day period exceeds the DRI. However, you're surprised
by that finding because you're actually anemic. Which of the following
statements could explain what is going on in this scenario? - ANSWER
-dietary intake does not always predict what is actually happening inside the
body
-you could have consumed enough iron during the week you recorded your
food intake, but the food diary is not reflective of iron intake over a longer
period of time
Confounding factor - ANSWER Associated with the exposure and the
outcome and can make the two appear more related to each other than they
really are.
Experimental group - ANSWER The participants in a study who receive the
real treatment or intervention under investigation.
, Control Group - ANSWER A group of individuals with characteristics that
match the group being treated in an intervention study but who receive a
sham treatment or no treatment at all.
Placebo - ANSWER A sham or neutral treatment given to a control group.
Epidemiological study - ANSWER A study of a population that searches for
possible correlations between nutrition factors and health patterns over time.
A clinical trial is being done to find out if there is a link between breast
cancer and diets that are high in fat. However, people who consume diets
high in fat may also have other characteristics of their lifestyle that increase
their risk for breast cancer. How can researchers overcome the problem of
these confounding factors in a clinical trial? - ANSWER -researchers can
randomly assign participants to a treatment or control group
Allen is a researcher studying how well calcium and phosphorus are absorbed
in the GI tract of babies that are born too early. He is researching various
diets to see which diet provides the most available type of nutrients for
absorption. Why would Allen choose to do this type of study using in-vitro
methods instead of with humans or animals? - ANSWER -an in-vitro type
study will give Allen insight into potential mechanisms of nutrient absorption
-in-vitro studies can give you information without subjecting humans or
animals to potential harm
-in-vitro studies allow for strict control over the environment
Which of the following are limitations of observational studies? - ANSWER
-they may be affected by the presence of confounding factors
-the characteristics of the study group may not be representative of the
