SPEX303 FINAL EXAM WITH ACTUAL
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL QUALIFIED
AND GRADED A+
What causes adaptations in the vasodilations of the arterys - CORRECT ANSWER - Shear Stress
(Force of the flow of blood)
What is the difference between Antegrade and Retrograde in terms of arterial flow? - CORRECT ANSWER
- Antegrade = Forward flow
Retrograde = Backwards flow
What are the structural adaptations of exercise in arteries? - CORRECT ANSWER - Increase in diameter of
artery
Reduced artery stiffness caused by age
What is Angiogenesis? - CORRECT ANSWER - The creation of new blood vessels
-There is an increase in muscular capitalization following chronic exercise training
-Caused by VEGA protein (Vascular endothelial growth factor)
What are the three ways the body detects or monitors hydration? - CORRECT ANSWER - Osmoreceptors
Baroreceptors
Self feeling
What does the Hypothalamus run in relation to hydration? - CORRECT ANSWER - Osmoregulation
What are three different ways to measure Hydration - CORRECT ANSWER - Urine specific gravity (Urine
density)
, Blood Osmolarity (Accurate, but difficult as blood volume must be known
Behavior (Are you thirsty)
What is the process of the further breakdown of AMP? (simplified) - CORRECT ANSWER - AMP -> Inosine
-> Hypoxanthine -> Bloodstream -> Liver -> Ulric acid (excreted)
What is a major product of the breakdown of AMP? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ammonia. Visible in blood as a
marker of breakdown of AMP
Why do Males typically have higher Vo2 Max's than Females - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased heart and
lung size
Increased Haematocrit
Increased Blood Volume
(Higher oxygen carrying capacity in Males)
What cardiovascular adaptation is the quickest to detrain? - CORRECT ANSWER - Stroke volume (most
likely due to reduced plasma)
What are the main detraining factors of Bedrest? - CORRECT ANSWER - Lower BMR
Sodium loss
Calcium loss
Muscle atrophy
Bone demineralistaion
what are the early signs and symptoms of over training? - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased sympathetic
stimulation
Increased heart rate (rest)
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL QUALIFIED
AND GRADED A+
What causes adaptations in the vasodilations of the arterys - CORRECT ANSWER - Shear Stress
(Force of the flow of blood)
What is the difference between Antegrade and Retrograde in terms of arterial flow? - CORRECT ANSWER
- Antegrade = Forward flow
Retrograde = Backwards flow
What are the structural adaptations of exercise in arteries? - CORRECT ANSWER - Increase in diameter of
artery
Reduced artery stiffness caused by age
What is Angiogenesis? - CORRECT ANSWER - The creation of new blood vessels
-There is an increase in muscular capitalization following chronic exercise training
-Caused by VEGA protein (Vascular endothelial growth factor)
What are the three ways the body detects or monitors hydration? - CORRECT ANSWER - Osmoreceptors
Baroreceptors
Self feeling
What does the Hypothalamus run in relation to hydration? - CORRECT ANSWER - Osmoregulation
What are three different ways to measure Hydration - CORRECT ANSWER - Urine specific gravity (Urine
density)
, Blood Osmolarity (Accurate, but difficult as blood volume must be known
Behavior (Are you thirsty)
What is the process of the further breakdown of AMP? (simplified) - CORRECT ANSWER - AMP -> Inosine
-> Hypoxanthine -> Bloodstream -> Liver -> Ulric acid (excreted)
What is a major product of the breakdown of AMP? - CORRECT ANSWER - Ammonia. Visible in blood as a
marker of breakdown of AMP
Why do Males typically have higher Vo2 Max's than Females - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased heart and
lung size
Increased Haematocrit
Increased Blood Volume
(Higher oxygen carrying capacity in Males)
What cardiovascular adaptation is the quickest to detrain? - CORRECT ANSWER - Stroke volume (most
likely due to reduced plasma)
What are the main detraining factors of Bedrest? - CORRECT ANSWER - Lower BMR
Sodium loss
Calcium loss
Muscle atrophy
Bone demineralistaion
what are the early signs and symptoms of over training? - CORRECT ANSWER - Increased sympathetic
stimulation
Increased heart rate (rest)
