TEST BANK
Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Imaging
Lynn N. McKinnis
5th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 General Principles of Musculoskeletal Imaging 1
Chapter 02 Radiologic Evaluation, Search Patterns, and Diagnosis 3
Chapter 03 Radiologic Evaluation of Fracture 5
Chapter 04 Computed Tomography 9
Chapter 05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 12
Chapter 06 Diagnostic Ultrasound 15
Chapter 07 Radiologic Evaluation of the Cervical Spine 18
Chapter 08 Radiologic Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint 22
Chapter 09 Radiologic Evaluation of the Thoracic Spine, Sternum, and Ribs 25
Chapter 10 The Chest Radiograph and Cardiopulmonary Imaging 30
Chapter 11 Radiologic Evaluation of the Lumbosacral Spine and Sacroiliac Joints 33
Chapter 12 Radiologic Evaluation of the Pelvis and Hip 36
Chapter 13 Radiologic Evaluation of the Knee 40
Chapter 14 Radiologic Evaluation of the Ankle and Foot 43
Chapter 15 Radiologic Evaluation of the Shoulder 47
Chapter 16 Radiologic Evaluation of the Elbow 52
Chapter 17 Radiologic Evaluation of the Hand and Wrist 55
Chapter 18 Integration of Imaging Into Physical Therapy Practice 59
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Test Bank - Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Imaging, 5th Edition (McKinnis, 2021)
Chapter 1. General Principles of Musculoskeletal Imaging
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A conventional radiograph is the best modality for screening for:
A. Metastatic tumors
B. Subtle fractures
C. Bone or joint abnormality
D. Soft tissue lesions
ANS: C
2. “Routine series” of radiographs are ordered to:
A. Complete the physical examination
B. Provide the most visualization of the anatomy with the least number of radiographs
C. Provide a baseline of a pathological condition prior to starting treatment
D. Standardize data for future research
ANS: B
3. The following densities are correctly arranged in order of increasing radiodensity:
A. Air, fat, water, bone
B. Fat, air, water, bone.
C. Air, water, fat, bone
D. Bone, water, fat, air
ANS: A
4. Why are two radiographs, made at right angles to each other, a standard of clinical practice?
A. To account for any distortion on one radiograph
B. To visualize three dimensions of the anatomy
C. To scout for what advanced modality to order next
D. To screen for additional pathological conditions
ANS: B
5. What does the philosophy ALARA mean?
A. As low as reasonably achievable
B. As lucky as a radiologist can accomplish
C. As low an amount of radioactivity absorbed
D. A philosophy replaced by MPD (maximal permissible dose)
ANS: A
6. Contrast media is used in radiography to:
A. Outline the position of metallic hardware
B. Provide protection from radiation to sensitive tissues
C. Determine if a pathological condition is acute or chronic
D. Allow visualization of soft tissues not evident on conventional radiographs
ANS: D
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Test Bank - Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Imaging, 5th Edition (McKinnis, 2021)
7. The most common projections in routine radiographic examination of the appendicular
skeleton and spine are the:
A. Superior and inferior
B. Coronal, sagittal, and axial
C. Cephalad and caudal
D. Anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique
ANS: D
8. A major advantage of the bone scan is how sensitive it is to increased bone metabolism. A
major disadvantage of the bone scan is:
A. Lack of specificity to the pathological condition
B. It can only show cortical bone, not cancellous bone
C. It is unable to visualize the entire skeleton in one exam
D. It can show only structural, not physiological, changes
ANS: A
TRUE/FALSE
9. Accepted convention for viewing radiographs is to look at the image as if the patient were
facing the viewer.
ANS: T
10. Radiographic distortion is the difference between the actual object and its recorded image.
Every radiograph will have a degree of size or shape distortion.
ANS: T
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,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Imaging, 5th Edition (McKinnis, 2021)
Chapter 2. Radiologic Evaluation, Search Patterns, and Diagnosis
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A search pattern for viewing radiographs is the ABCs, which stands for:
A. Alignment, bone density, cartilage spaces, soft tissues
B. Anatomy, body mass, connective tissues
C. Alignment, breaks in continuity, cortical margins, soft tissues
D. None of the above
ANS: A
2. Predictor variables help narrow the diagnostic possibilities. If a lesion is wider than it is long
and has poorly defined margins, these characteristics are predictive of what kind of lesion?
A. Malignant
B. Metastatic
C. Benign
D. Infectious
ANS: A
3. Sclerosis is seen on radiograph as _______________ and is a sign of _______________.
A. radiolucent; repair.
B. radiolucent; inflammatory process
C. radiodense; repair
D. radiopaque; repair
ANS: C
4. Radiologic hallmarks of degenerative joint disease include:
A. Concentric joint space narrowing, sclerotic subchondral bone, and periarticular
rarefaction
B. Asymmetrical joint space narrowing, sclerotic subchondral bone, and pseudocysts
C. Osteophyte formation and osteoporosis
D. Asymmetrical joint space narrowing and articular erosions
ANS: B
5. Radiologic hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis include:
A. Concentric joint space narrowing, erosions of subchondral bone, and periarticular
rarefaction
B. Asymmetrical joint space narrowing, sclerotic subchondral bone, and pseudocysts
C. Osteophyte formation and osteoporosis
D. Asymmetrical joint space narrowing and articular erosions
ANS: A
6. Joint capsules become visible on radiograph when they become distended by effusion seen
in the instance(s) of:
A. Acute infection
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Test Bank - Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Imaging, 5th Edition (McKinnis, 2021)
B. Hemophilic bleed
C. Joint trauma
D. All of the above
ANS: D
7. If an abnormality discovered on radiograph has characteristics of a malignant lesion, the
next step is diagnostic evaluation is:
A. Advanced imaging
B. Surgery
C. Chemotherapy
D. Radiation
ANS: A
8. Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease that results in decreased total bone mass. What percent
of reduction in bone mass must occur before osteoporosis becomes evident on radiographs?
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 50%
ANS: B
9. Tumors are generally divided into two categories, based on the amount of bony destruction
they incur:
A. Benign and malignant
B. Benign and metastatic
C. Primary and secondary
D. Aggressive and benign
ANS: A
10. What procedure is necessary to accurately define the infectious organism in an infected
joint?
A. MRI with contrast
B. Nuclear imaging with a glucose analog
C. Aspiration biopsy
D. Bone scan
ANS: C
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Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Imaging
Lynn N. McKinnis
5th Edition
,Table of Contents
Chapter 01 General Principles of Musculoskeletal Imaging 1
Chapter 02 Radiologic Evaluation, Search Patterns, and Diagnosis 3
Chapter 03 Radiologic Evaluation of Fracture 5
Chapter 04 Computed Tomography 9
Chapter 05 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 12
Chapter 06 Diagnostic Ultrasound 15
Chapter 07 Radiologic Evaluation of the Cervical Spine 18
Chapter 08 Radiologic Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint 22
Chapter 09 Radiologic Evaluation of the Thoracic Spine, Sternum, and Ribs 25
Chapter 10 The Chest Radiograph and Cardiopulmonary Imaging 30
Chapter 11 Radiologic Evaluation of the Lumbosacral Spine and Sacroiliac Joints 33
Chapter 12 Radiologic Evaluation of the Pelvis and Hip 36
Chapter 13 Radiologic Evaluation of the Knee 40
Chapter 14 Radiologic Evaluation of the Ankle and Foot 43
Chapter 15 Radiologic Evaluation of the Shoulder 47
Chapter 16 Radiologic Evaluation of the Elbow 52
Chapter 17 Radiologic Evaluation of the Hand and Wrist 55
Chapter 18 Integration of Imaging Into Physical Therapy Practice 59
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Imaging, 5th Edition (McKinnis, 2021)
Chapter 1. General Principles of Musculoskeletal Imaging
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A conventional radiograph is the best modality for screening for:
A. Metastatic tumors
B. Subtle fractures
C. Bone or joint abnormality
D. Soft tissue lesions
ANS: C
2. “Routine series” of radiographs are ordered to:
A. Complete the physical examination
B. Provide the most visualization of the anatomy with the least number of radiographs
C. Provide a baseline of a pathological condition prior to starting treatment
D. Standardize data for future research
ANS: B
3. The following densities are correctly arranged in order of increasing radiodensity:
A. Air, fat, water, bone
B. Fat, air, water, bone.
C. Air, water, fat, bone
D. Bone, water, fat, air
ANS: A
4. Why are two radiographs, made at right angles to each other, a standard of clinical practice?
A. To account for any distortion on one radiograph
B. To visualize three dimensions of the anatomy
C. To scout for what advanced modality to order next
D. To screen for additional pathological conditions
ANS: B
5. What does the philosophy ALARA mean?
A. As low as reasonably achievable
B. As lucky as a radiologist can accomplish
C. As low an amount of radioactivity absorbed
D. A philosophy replaced by MPD (maximal permissible dose)
ANS: A
6. Contrast media is used in radiography to:
A. Outline the position of metallic hardware
B. Provide protection from radiation to sensitive tissues
C. Determine if a pathological condition is acute or chronic
D. Allow visualization of soft tissues not evident on conventional radiographs
ANS: D
______________________________________________________________________________________________
1|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Imaging, 5th Edition (McKinnis, 2021)
7. The most common projections in routine radiographic examination of the appendicular
skeleton and spine are the:
A. Superior and inferior
B. Coronal, sagittal, and axial
C. Cephalad and caudal
D. Anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique
ANS: D
8. A major advantage of the bone scan is how sensitive it is to increased bone metabolism. A
major disadvantage of the bone scan is:
A. Lack of specificity to the pathological condition
B. It can only show cortical bone, not cancellous bone
C. It is unable to visualize the entire skeleton in one exam
D. It can show only structural, not physiological, changes
ANS: A
TRUE/FALSE
9. Accepted convention for viewing radiographs is to look at the image as if the patient were
facing the viewer.
ANS: T
10. Radiographic distortion is the difference between the actual object and its recorded image.
Every radiograph will have a degree of size or shape distortion.
ANS: T
______________________________________________________________________________________________
2|Page
,______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Imaging, 5th Edition (McKinnis, 2021)
Chapter 2. Radiologic Evaluation, Search Patterns, and Diagnosis
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. A search pattern for viewing radiographs is the ABCs, which stands for:
A. Alignment, bone density, cartilage spaces, soft tissues
B. Anatomy, body mass, connective tissues
C. Alignment, breaks in continuity, cortical margins, soft tissues
D. None of the above
ANS: A
2. Predictor variables help narrow the diagnostic possibilities. If a lesion is wider than it is long
and has poorly defined margins, these characteristics are predictive of what kind of lesion?
A. Malignant
B. Metastatic
C. Benign
D. Infectious
ANS: A
3. Sclerosis is seen on radiograph as _______________ and is a sign of _______________.
A. radiolucent; repair.
B. radiolucent; inflammatory process
C. radiodense; repair
D. radiopaque; repair
ANS: C
4. Radiologic hallmarks of degenerative joint disease include:
A. Concentric joint space narrowing, sclerotic subchondral bone, and periarticular
rarefaction
B. Asymmetrical joint space narrowing, sclerotic subchondral bone, and pseudocysts
C. Osteophyte formation and osteoporosis
D. Asymmetrical joint space narrowing and articular erosions
ANS: B
5. Radiologic hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis include:
A. Concentric joint space narrowing, erosions of subchondral bone, and periarticular
rarefaction
B. Asymmetrical joint space narrowing, sclerotic subchondral bone, and pseudocysts
C. Osteophyte formation and osteoporosis
D. Asymmetrical joint space narrowing and articular erosions
ANS: A
6. Joint capsules become visible on radiograph when they become distended by effusion seen
in the instance(s) of:
A. Acute infection
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3|Page
, ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Test Bank - Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Imaging, 5th Edition (McKinnis, 2021)
B. Hemophilic bleed
C. Joint trauma
D. All of the above
ANS: D
7. If an abnormality discovered on radiograph has characteristics of a malignant lesion, the
next step is diagnostic evaluation is:
A. Advanced imaging
B. Surgery
C. Chemotherapy
D. Radiation
ANS: A
8. Osteoporosis is a metabolic disease that results in decreased total bone mass. What percent
of reduction in bone mass must occur before osteoporosis becomes evident on radiographs?
A. 20%
B. 30%
C. 40%
D. 50%
ANS: B
9. Tumors are generally divided into two categories, based on the amount of bony destruction
they incur:
A. Benign and malignant
B. Benign and metastatic
C. Primary and secondary
D. Aggressive and benign
ANS: A
10. What procedure is necessary to accurately define the infectious organism in an infected
joint?
A. MRI with contrast
B. Nuclear imaging with a glucose analog
C. Aspiration biopsy
D. Bone scan
ANS: C
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