Introduction to Medical Surgical Nursing Exam Questions And Well Elaborated Solutions

Introduction to Medical Surgical Nursing Exam Questions And Well Elaborated Solutions Purposes of Surgery - ANSWER Diagnostic, ablative, palliative, reconstructive, curative, preventive, transplant, constructive, and cosmetic Postoperative Care - ANSWER Management after surgery, including assessment, prevention of complications, and discharge preparation Common Surgery Fears - ANSWER Loss of control, unknown outcomes, anesthesia, pain, death, separation, life disruptions, cancer detection Patient Factors - ANSWER Mental status, age, physical condition, and nutritional factors influencing surgical outcomes Surgical Purposes: Ablative - ANSWER Surgery involving removal or destruction of body parts or tissues Surgical Purposes: Palliative - ANSWER Surgery for symptom relief without cure, like tumor removal or debridement Surgical Purposes: Curative - ANSWER Surgery aiming to cure the underlying problem or condition Surgical Purposes: Preventive - ANSWER Surgery preventing future problems or damage from occurring Surgical Purposes: Transplant - ANSWER Replacement of malfunctioning organs like cornea, heart, joints, or kidney Surgical Purposes: Constructive - ANSWER Restoration of function lost due to congenital anomalies, e.g., repair of cleft palate Surgical Purposes: Cosmetic - ANSWER Surgery for altering personal appearance, e.g., rhinoplasty for nose reshaping ABCDEF Mnemonic - ANSWER To ascertain serious illness or trauma in preoperative patients Allergy Band - ANSWER Placed on patient's arm for reported allergies Bleeding Tendencies - ANSWER Includes medications like aspirin affecting clotting Cortisone - ANSWER Steroid use impairing tissue integrity and immune function Diabetes Mellitus - ANSWER Requires strict blood glucose control and delays wound healing Perioperative Nursing - ANSWER Nurse's role throughout surgical experience, emphasizing continuity and nursing process Informed Consent - ANSWER Patient's competent agreement with clear information, risks, benefits, and consequences Anesthesia Types - ANSWER General, regional, and local anesthesia, including conscious sedation Surgical Classification - ANSWER Emergent, urgent, and elective surgery distinctions based on immediacy and necessity Emboli - ANSWER Previous embolic events may recur due to immobility Fighting Ability - ANSWER Immune-suppressed patients are at higher risk of infections Laboratory Tests - ANSWER Include urinalysis, CBC, blood chemistry profile, and CMP Diagnostic Imaging - ANSWER Involves chest x-ray and evaluation of comorbidities Cardiac Evaluation - ANSWER Includes an electrocardiogram Medication Impact - ANSWER Consideration of allergies, prescription, OTC, and herbal meds Aspirin - ANSWER An antiplatelet agent increasing hemorrhage risk Echinacea - ANSWER Used for cold symptoms, with potential liver impact Ephedra Sinica - ANSWER Used as a decongestant and for weight loss, with cardiac risks Feverfew - ANSWER For migraine prevention, with anticoagulation factors Garlic - ANSWER Boosts immunity, affects blood pressure, and may increase bleeding Ginger - ANSWER Used for cough, cramps, gas, with clotting time risks Ginkgo Biloba - ANSWER Improves brain function, may increase bleeding risk Ginseng - ANSWER Promotes overall well-being, may affect anesthetic requirements Guarana - ANSWER Enhances alertness, may reduce warfarin efficacy Kava - ANSWER A sleep aid with muscle relaxant potentiation potential Licorice - ANSWER Used for various conditions, may cause hypertension St. John's Wort - ANSWER An antidepressant with potential drug interactions Valerian Root - ANSWER Has sedative effects, should not be used with other sedatives Preoperative teaching - ANSWER Includes describing surgical procedure, skin preparation, gastrointestinal cleanser, time of surgery, and clarifying preoperative & postoperative events. Skin preparation - ANSWER Involves removal of hair, assessment for skin impairment, and scrubbing with antiseptic solution applied. Gastrointestinal cleanser - ANSWER A bowel cleanser used before surgery with specific rationale, contraindications, and agents. Incentive Spirometer use - ANSWER Teaching the patient to inhale deeply through the spirometer, hold it, and exhale slowly to improve lung function. Antiembolism stockings (TEDS) - ANSWER Stockings used to prevent thrombus, embolus, and infarct by promoting circulation in the legs. Nasogastric tubes - ANSWER Tubes inserted through the nose into the stomach for various medical purposes. Epidural Anesthesia - ANSWER Anesthesia injected outside the dura mater into the epidural space, causing lighter anesthesia. Local anesthesia - ANSWER Commonly used for minor surgical procedures to block nerve supply to the operative site. Conscious sedation - ANSWER Also known as 'moderate sedation,' used for procedures requiring a depressed level of consciousness but not complete anesthesia. Valium, Versed - ANSWER Medications used to reduce anxiety before surgery. Propofol, Nitrous oxide, Desflurane, Sevoflurane - ANSWER Common anesthetic agents used for general anesthesia. Turning, coughing, and deep-breathing exercises - ANSWER Activities performed to prevent complications and improve lung function postoperatively.