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HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXIT EXAM COMPLETE
QUESTIONS BANK WITH ALL VERSIONS 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM 500+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI EXIT
A client with a markedly distended bladder is diagnosed with
hydronephrosis and left hydroureter after an IV pyelogram. The
nurse catheterizes the client and obtains a residual urine volume
of 1650 ml. This finding supports which pathophysiological
cause of the client's urinary tract obstruction?
A. Obstruction at the urinary bladder neck.
B. Ureteral calculi obstruction.
C. Ureteropelvic junction stricture.
D. Partial post-renal obstruction due to ureteral stricture. -
ANSWER- A. Obstruction at the urinary bladder neck.
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Rationale; Hydroureter (dilation of the renal pelvis),
vesicoureteral reflux (backward movement of urine from the
lower to upper urinary tracts), and hydronephrosis (dilation or
enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces) result from post-
renal obstruction which can consequently result in chronic
pyelonephritis and renal atrophy. Ascending urinary reflux
occurs when normal ureteral peristaltic pressure is met with an
increase in urinary pressure occurring during bladder filling if
the urinary bladder neck is obstructed (A). A large residual urine
does not occur with (B, C, and D) because the urine can not get
to the bladder.
The nurse is planning care for a client who has a right
hemispheric stroke. Which nursing diagnosis
should the nurse include in the plan of care?
A. Impaired physical mobility related to right-sided hemiplegia.
B. Risk for injury related to denial of deficits and impulsiveness.
C. Impaired verbal communication related to speech-language
deficits.
D. Ineffective coping related to depression and distress about
disability. - ANSWER- B. Risk for injury related to denial of
deficits and impulsiveness.
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Rationale; With right-brain damage, a client experience
difficulty in judgment and spatial perception and is more likely
to be impulsive and move quickly, which placing the client at
risk for falls (B). Although clients with right and left hemisphere
damage may experience impaired physical mobility, the client
with right brain damage will manifest physical impairments on
the contralateral side of the body, not the same side (A). The
client with a left-brain injury may manifest right-sided
hemiplegia with speech or language deficits (C). A client with
left-brain damage is more likely to be aware of the deficits and
experience grief related to physical impairment and depression
(D).
The nurse is teaching a client with maple syrup urine disease
(MSUD), an autosomal recessive disorder, about the inheritance
pattern. Which information should the nurse provide?
A. This recessive disorder is carried only on the X chromosome.
B. Occurrences mainly affect males and heterozygous females.
C. Both genes of a pair must be abnormal for the disorder to
occur.
D. One copy of the abnormal gene is required for this disorder. -
ANSWER- C. Both genes of a pair must be abnormal for the
disorder to occur.
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Rationale; Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a type of
autosomal recessive inheritance disorder in which both genes of
a pair must be abnormal for the disorder to be expressed (C).
MSUD is not an X-linked (A and B) dominant or recessive
disorder or an autosomal dominant inheritance disorder. Both
genes of a pair, not (D), must be present.
A female client tells the nurse that she does not know which day
of the month is best to do breast self-
exams (BSE). Which instruction should the nurse provide?
A. Midway between menstrual cycles.
B. One week before your period.
C. The first day of your period.
D. Five to seven days after menses cease. - ANSWER- D. Five
to seven days after menses cease.
Due to the effect of cyclic ovarian changes on the breast, the
best time for breast self-examination (BSE) is 5 to 7 days after
menstruation stops (D) because physiologic alterations in breast
size and activity reach their level after menses. (A and B) can
vary from month to month and do not provide a consistent day
of the month for the client to remember to do BSE. (C) is
commonly the day of the menstrual cycle that the breasts are
most affected by hormonal influence.
HESI PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXIT EXAM COMPLETE
QUESTIONS BANK WITH ALL VERSIONS 2024-2025
ACTUAL EXAM 500+ QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
DETAILED ANSWERS WITH RATIONALES (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY HESI EXIT
A client with a markedly distended bladder is diagnosed with
hydronephrosis and left hydroureter after an IV pyelogram. The
nurse catheterizes the client and obtains a residual urine volume
of 1650 ml. This finding supports which pathophysiological
cause of the client's urinary tract obstruction?
A. Obstruction at the urinary bladder neck.
B. Ureteral calculi obstruction.
C. Ureteropelvic junction stricture.
D. Partial post-renal obstruction due to ureteral stricture. -
ANSWER- A. Obstruction at the urinary bladder neck.
,2|Page
Rationale; Hydroureter (dilation of the renal pelvis),
vesicoureteral reflux (backward movement of urine from the
lower to upper urinary tracts), and hydronephrosis (dilation or
enlargement of the renal pelvis and calyces) result from post-
renal obstruction which can consequently result in chronic
pyelonephritis and renal atrophy. Ascending urinary reflux
occurs when normal ureteral peristaltic pressure is met with an
increase in urinary pressure occurring during bladder filling if
the urinary bladder neck is obstructed (A). A large residual urine
does not occur with (B, C, and D) because the urine can not get
to the bladder.
The nurse is planning care for a client who has a right
hemispheric stroke. Which nursing diagnosis
should the nurse include in the plan of care?
A. Impaired physical mobility related to right-sided hemiplegia.
B. Risk for injury related to denial of deficits and impulsiveness.
C. Impaired verbal communication related to speech-language
deficits.
D. Ineffective coping related to depression and distress about
disability. - ANSWER- B. Risk for injury related to denial of
deficits and impulsiveness.
,3|Page
Rationale; With right-brain damage, a client experience
difficulty in judgment and spatial perception and is more likely
to be impulsive and move quickly, which placing the client at
risk for falls (B). Although clients with right and left hemisphere
damage may experience impaired physical mobility, the client
with right brain damage will manifest physical impairments on
the contralateral side of the body, not the same side (A). The
client with a left-brain injury may manifest right-sided
hemiplegia with speech or language deficits (C). A client with
left-brain damage is more likely to be aware of the deficits and
experience grief related to physical impairment and depression
(D).
The nurse is teaching a client with maple syrup urine disease
(MSUD), an autosomal recessive disorder, about the inheritance
pattern. Which information should the nurse provide?
A. This recessive disorder is carried only on the X chromosome.
B. Occurrences mainly affect males and heterozygous females.
C. Both genes of a pair must be abnormal for the disorder to
occur.
D. One copy of the abnormal gene is required for this disorder. -
ANSWER- C. Both genes of a pair must be abnormal for the
disorder to occur.
, 4|Page
Rationale; Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a type of
autosomal recessive inheritance disorder in which both genes of
a pair must be abnormal for the disorder to be expressed (C).
MSUD is not an X-linked (A and B) dominant or recessive
disorder or an autosomal dominant inheritance disorder. Both
genes of a pair, not (D), must be present.
A female client tells the nurse that she does not know which day
of the month is best to do breast self-
exams (BSE). Which instruction should the nurse provide?
A. Midway between menstrual cycles.
B. One week before your period.
C. The first day of your period.
D. Five to seven days after menses cease. - ANSWER- D. Five
to seven days after menses cease.
Due to the effect of cyclic ovarian changes on the breast, the
best time for breast self-examination (BSE) is 5 to 7 days after
menstruation stops (D) because physiologic alterations in breast
size and activity reach their level after menses. (A and B) can
vary from month to month and do not provide a consistent day
of the month for the client to remember to do BSE. (C) is
commonly the day of the menstrual cycle that the breasts are
most affected by hormonal influence.
