CBCC prep
Steps of the Scientific Method - answer1. Ask a Question
2. Do Background Research
3. Construct a Hypothesis
4. Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
5. Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
6. Communicate Your Results
3-term contingency - answer Basic unit of analysis in the analysis of operant behavior
Analytic - answer Demonstrate a functional relation
Antecedent - answer Environmental conditions or stimulus changes that occur prior to
the behavior of interest
Antecedent stimulus class - answerStimuli that share a common relationship
Applied Behavioral Analysis - answerThe science in which tactics derived from the
principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and
experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement of the
behavior.
Automatic reinforcement - answerReinforcement that occurs independent of the social
mediation of others
Automaticity of reinforcement - answerBehavior is modified by it's consequences
regardless of whether the individual is aware of reinforcement
Aversive stimulus - answerStimulus conditions whose termination functions as
reinforcement
Avoidance Contingency - answerA contingency in which a response prevents or
postpones the presentation of a stimulus
Backup Reinforcer - answerReinforcers that can be purchased with tokens
Backward chaining - answerA teaching procedure in which all behaviors are initially
completed by the trainer except for the final behavior in the chain.
Behavior - answerThe portion of an organism's interaction with its environment
,Behavior chain - answerSpecific sequence of responses in which each response
produces a stimulus change that functions as conditioned reinforcement for that
response and an Sd for the next response.
Behavior chain with limited hold - answerA sequence of behaviors that must be
performed correctly and within a specified time to be reinforced.
Behavioral contract - answerA document that specifies a contingent relationship
between the completion of a specified behavior and access to a reinforcer.
Behavioral cusp - answerA behavior that has sudden and dramatic consequences that
extend beyond the change because it exposes the person to new environments,
reinforcers, contingencies, responses and stimulus control
Behaviorism - answerPhilosophy of the science of behavior
Concept Formulation - answerStimulus control that requires both stimulus
generalization within a class of stimuli and discrimination between classes of stimuli
Conditioned reinforcer - answerA stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer
because of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers
Conditioned stimulus - answerStimulus component of a conditioned reflex
Consequence - answerStimulus change that follows a behavior of interest
Contingency - answerDependent and/or temporal relations between operant behaviors
and its controlling variables
Contingent observation - answerPerson is put in time out within setting so they can see
ongoing activities but access to reinforcers is lost
Continuous measurement - answerMeasurement conducted in a manner in which all
instances of the response classes of interest are detected during observation period
Count - answerNumber of occurrences of a behavior
Deprivation - answerHow much time has elapsed since it has consumed or contacted a
reinforcer
Determinism - answerThe universe if a lawful orderly place, phenomena occur in
relation to other events and not in an accidental fashion
Discriminated operant - answerAn operant that occurs more frequently under some
antecedent conditions than under others
,Discriminated stimulus - answerStimulus in the presence of which responses of some
type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses
have not been reinforced.
DRA - answerDifferential Reinforcement of Alternate behavior
DRH - answerDifferential reinforcement of high rates
DRI - answerDifferential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
DRO - answerDifferential reinforcement of other behavior
Duration - answerThe length of time a behavior occurs
Empiricism - answerThe objective observation of the phenomena of interest
Escape contingency - answerA response in which a response terminates (escapes
from) an ongoing stimulus
Establishing operant - answerMotivating operant that increases effectiveness of
stimulus as a reinforcer
Event recording - answerCount of the number of times a behavior occurs
Exclusion time out - answerPerson is removed physically from the environment for a
specified period
Explanatory fiction - answerA fictitious variable that takes another name for the
observed phenomena it claims to explain and contributes nothing
Extinction - answerThe discontinuing of a reinforcement for a previously reinforced
behavior
Extinction burst - answerAn increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction
procedure initially implemented
Feature stimulus class - answerStimuli that share common physical forms or structures
or relative relationships. "made from wood".
Forward chaining - answerA teaching procedure that begins with the learning being
prompted to perform the first behavior, trainer completes remaining steps.
Functional Relation - answerEstablishing a consistent effect on the DV by manipulating
the IV, unlikely to be a result of extraneous variables.
, Dependent variable DV - answerThe variable measured to determine if it changes as a
result if manipulating the IV
Experiment - answerA comparison of some measure of the DV under 2 or more
different conditions in which one factor at a time (IV) differs from one condition to
another.
General case analysis - answerProcess for identifying and selecting examples that
represent the full range of stimulus variations and response requirements in the
generalization settings.
generalization - answerA generic term for a variety of behavioral processes and
behavior change outcomes.
habilitation - answerWhen a person's repertoire has been changed so that the short and
long-term REINFORCERS are Maximized and short and long-term PUNISHERS are
Minimized
habituation - answerA decrease in responsiveness to repeated presentation of a
stimulus
History of reinforcement - answerAll of a person's LEARNING experiences
Imitation behavior - answerA behavior controlled by physical movement as a model, has
similarity with the model and immediately follows the model.
Independent variable - answerThe variable that is systematically manipulated to see
whether it produces reliable changes in the DV
Indescriminable contingency - answerA contingency in which the learner cannot
discriminate whether the next response will produce reinforcement. (Reinforces some
but not all occurrences of responses)
IOA - answer2 or more observes report the same observed values after measuring the
same events
IRT Inter Response Time - answerTime elapsed between 2 successive responses
Level system - answerType of token economy systems in which participants move up or
down a hierarchy of levels contingent on meeting criteria with respect to the target
behaviors.
Mentalism - answerAssumes that a mental or inner dimension exists that differs from
behavior.
Steps of the Scientific Method - answer1. Ask a Question
2. Do Background Research
3. Construct a Hypothesis
4. Test Your Hypothesis by Doing an Experiment
5. Analyze Your Data and Draw a Conclusion
6. Communicate Your Results
3-term contingency - answer Basic unit of analysis in the analysis of operant behavior
Analytic - answer Demonstrate a functional relation
Antecedent - answer Environmental conditions or stimulus changes that occur prior to
the behavior of interest
Antecedent stimulus class - answerStimuli that share a common relationship
Applied Behavioral Analysis - answerThe science in which tactics derived from the
principles of behavior are applied to improve socially significant behavior and
experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for the improvement of the
behavior.
Automatic reinforcement - answerReinforcement that occurs independent of the social
mediation of others
Automaticity of reinforcement - answerBehavior is modified by it's consequences
regardless of whether the individual is aware of reinforcement
Aversive stimulus - answerStimulus conditions whose termination functions as
reinforcement
Avoidance Contingency - answerA contingency in which a response prevents or
postpones the presentation of a stimulus
Backup Reinforcer - answerReinforcers that can be purchased with tokens
Backward chaining - answerA teaching procedure in which all behaviors are initially
completed by the trainer except for the final behavior in the chain.
Behavior - answerThe portion of an organism's interaction with its environment
,Behavior chain - answerSpecific sequence of responses in which each response
produces a stimulus change that functions as conditioned reinforcement for that
response and an Sd for the next response.
Behavior chain with limited hold - answerA sequence of behaviors that must be
performed correctly and within a specified time to be reinforced.
Behavioral contract - answerA document that specifies a contingent relationship
between the completion of a specified behavior and access to a reinforcer.
Behavioral cusp - answerA behavior that has sudden and dramatic consequences that
extend beyond the change because it exposes the person to new environments,
reinforcers, contingencies, responses and stimulus control
Behaviorism - answerPhilosophy of the science of behavior
Concept Formulation - answerStimulus control that requires both stimulus
generalization within a class of stimuli and discrimination between classes of stimuli
Conditioned reinforcer - answerA stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer
because of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers
Conditioned stimulus - answerStimulus component of a conditioned reflex
Consequence - answerStimulus change that follows a behavior of interest
Contingency - answerDependent and/or temporal relations between operant behaviors
and its controlling variables
Contingent observation - answerPerson is put in time out within setting so they can see
ongoing activities but access to reinforcers is lost
Continuous measurement - answerMeasurement conducted in a manner in which all
instances of the response classes of interest are detected during observation period
Count - answerNumber of occurrences of a behavior
Deprivation - answerHow much time has elapsed since it has consumed or contacted a
reinforcer
Determinism - answerThe universe if a lawful orderly place, phenomena occur in
relation to other events and not in an accidental fashion
Discriminated operant - answerAn operant that occurs more frequently under some
antecedent conditions than under others
,Discriminated stimulus - answerStimulus in the presence of which responses of some
type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses
have not been reinforced.
DRA - answerDifferential Reinforcement of Alternate behavior
DRH - answerDifferential reinforcement of high rates
DRI - answerDifferential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
DRO - answerDifferential reinforcement of other behavior
Duration - answerThe length of time a behavior occurs
Empiricism - answerThe objective observation of the phenomena of interest
Escape contingency - answerA response in which a response terminates (escapes
from) an ongoing stimulus
Establishing operant - answerMotivating operant that increases effectiveness of
stimulus as a reinforcer
Event recording - answerCount of the number of times a behavior occurs
Exclusion time out - answerPerson is removed physically from the environment for a
specified period
Explanatory fiction - answerA fictitious variable that takes another name for the
observed phenomena it claims to explain and contributes nothing
Extinction - answerThe discontinuing of a reinforcement for a previously reinforced
behavior
Extinction burst - answerAn increase in the frequency of responding when an extinction
procedure initially implemented
Feature stimulus class - answerStimuli that share common physical forms or structures
or relative relationships. "made from wood".
Forward chaining - answerA teaching procedure that begins with the learning being
prompted to perform the first behavior, trainer completes remaining steps.
Functional Relation - answerEstablishing a consistent effect on the DV by manipulating
the IV, unlikely to be a result of extraneous variables.
, Dependent variable DV - answerThe variable measured to determine if it changes as a
result if manipulating the IV
Experiment - answerA comparison of some measure of the DV under 2 or more
different conditions in which one factor at a time (IV) differs from one condition to
another.
General case analysis - answerProcess for identifying and selecting examples that
represent the full range of stimulus variations and response requirements in the
generalization settings.
generalization - answerA generic term for a variety of behavioral processes and
behavior change outcomes.
habilitation - answerWhen a person's repertoire has been changed so that the short and
long-term REINFORCERS are Maximized and short and long-term PUNISHERS are
Minimized
habituation - answerA decrease in responsiveness to repeated presentation of a
stimulus
History of reinforcement - answerAll of a person's LEARNING experiences
Imitation behavior - answerA behavior controlled by physical movement as a model, has
similarity with the model and immediately follows the model.
Independent variable - answerThe variable that is systematically manipulated to see
whether it produces reliable changes in the DV
Indescriminable contingency - answerA contingency in which the learner cannot
discriminate whether the next response will produce reinforcement. (Reinforces some
but not all occurrences of responses)
IOA - answer2 or more observes report the same observed values after measuring the
same events
IRT Inter Response Time - answerTime elapsed between 2 successive responses
Level system - answerType of token economy systems in which participants move up or
down a hierarchy of levels contingent on meeting criteria with respect to the target
behaviors.
Mentalism - answerAssumes that a mental or inner dimension exists that differs from
behavior.
