NURS319 Final Exam with complete
solutions 2024/2025
How is diabetes diagnosed? - ANSWER--A1C of 7 or >
-fasting plasma glucose > or = 126 mg/dL
-2 hour plasma glucose level > or = to 200 mg/dL
-pt w/ polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and unexplained weight loss or random
plasma glucose > 200 will be treated
what are the manifestations of diabetes? - ANSWER--polyuria, polydipsia,
polyphagia
-hyperglycemia
-unexplained weight loss
what is diabetes the leading cause of? - ANSWER--End-stage renal disease
-Adult blindness
-Non-traumatic lower limb amputations
what are the complications of diabetes? - ANSWER--heart disease
-hypertension
-stroke
,what should nutrition education be for someone with diabetes? - ANSWER--eat at
regular intervals
-should carb count
-coordinate diet with activity
-weight loss (if applicable)
-fruits and vegetables
what is the exercise education with pt with DM? - ANSWER--consistent exercise
-walking 30 min/day for 5 days/week
-have snack before exercise, check BGM, keep simple carb on hand
-best done 1hr after meals or have 10-15g snack before
what is the nursing intervention for a patient with hyperglycemia? - ANSWER--
continue med regimen
-check BGM fx
-increase fluids
-call provider
-check urine for ketones
what are the manifestations for hyperglycemia? - ANSWER--hot dry skin
-fruity breath
what are the manifestations for hypoglycemia? - ANSWER--shakiness
-confusion
-profuse sweating
, -palpitations
-headache
what is the rule of 15 for hypoglycemia? - ANSWER--15g of simple carb (4-6oz of
juice or soft drink)
-recheck in 15 min
-if sustained give another 15g
-recheck in 15min
-repeat 2-3 doses, if unchanged call HCP
what is the emergency intervention for a pt with hypoglycemia? - ANSWER--give
20-50 mL of 50% dextrose IV
-if no IV access & pt is unconscious give 1mg of glucagon IM or subQ
what is a rapid acting insulin? - ANSWER-aspart, lispro, gluisine
What is the onset for rapid acting insulin? - ANSWER-10-30 minutes
what is the peak for rapid acting insulin? - ANSWER-30 min to 3 hr
what is the duration for rapid acting insulin? - ANSWER-3-5 hours
what are the short acting insulins? - ANSWER-regular
What is the onset of short acting insulin? - ANSWER-30 minutes to 1 hour
what is the peak of short acting insulin? - ANSWER-2-5 hr
what is the duration of short acting insulin? - ANSWER-5-8 hours
what is intermediate acting insulin? - ANSWER-NPH
what is the onset of intermediate acting insulin? - ANSWER-1.5-4 hours
What is the peak of intermediate acting insulin? - ANSWER-4-12 hr
solutions 2024/2025
How is diabetes diagnosed? - ANSWER--A1C of 7 or >
-fasting plasma glucose > or = 126 mg/dL
-2 hour plasma glucose level > or = to 200 mg/dL
-pt w/ polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, and unexplained weight loss or random
plasma glucose > 200 will be treated
what are the manifestations of diabetes? - ANSWER--polyuria, polydipsia,
polyphagia
-hyperglycemia
-unexplained weight loss
what is diabetes the leading cause of? - ANSWER--End-stage renal disease
-Adult blindness
-Non-traumatic lower limb amputations
what are the complications of diabetes? - ANSWER--heart disease
-hypertension
-stroke
,what should nutrition education be for someone with diabetes? - ANSWER--eat at
regular intervals
-should carb count
-coordinate diet with activity
-weight loss (if applicable)
-fruits and vegetables
what is the exercise education with pt with DM? - ANSWER--consistent exercise
-walking 30 min/day for 5 days/week
-have snack before exercise, check BGM, keep simple carb on hand
-best done 1hr after meals or have 10-15g snack before
what is the nursing intervention for a patient with hyperglycemia? - ANSWER--
continue med regimen
-check BGM fx
-increase fluids
-call provider
-check urine for ketones
what are the manifestations for hyperglycemia? - ANSWER--hot dry skin
-fruity breath
what are the manifestations for hypoglycemia? - ANSWER--shakiness
-confusion
-profuse sweating
, -palpitations
-headache
what is the rule of 15 for hypoglycemia? - ANSWER--15g of simple carb (4-6oz of
juice or soft drink)
-recheck in 15 min
-if sustained give another 15g
-recheck in 15min
-repeat 2-3 doses, if unchanged call HCP
what is the emergency intervention for a pt with hypoglycemia? - ANSWER--give
20-50 mL of 50% dextrose IV
-if no IV access & pt is unconscious give 1mg of glucagon IM or subQ
what is a rapid acting insulin? - ANSWER-aspart, lispro, gluisine
What is the onset for rapid acting insulin? - ANSWER-10-30 minutes
what is the peak for rapid acting insulin? - ANSWER-30 min to 3 hr
what is the duration for rapid acting insulin? - ANSWER-3-5 hours
what are the short acting insulins? - ANSWER-regular
What is the onset of short acting insulin? - ANSWER-30 minutes to 1 hour
what is the peak of short acting insulin? - ANSWER-2-5 hr
what is the duration of short acting insulin? - ANSWER-5-8 hours
what is intermediate acting insulin? - ANSWER-NPH
what is the onset of intermediate acting insulin? - ANSWER-1.5-4 hours
What is the peak of intermediate acting insulin? - ANSWER-4-12 hr
