physical anthropology pitt exam 2
Paleontology - correct answer ✔✔the scientific study of fossils
homology - correct answer ✔✔similarity resulting from common ancestry
homoplasy - correct answer ✔✔A similar (analogous) structure or molecular sequence that has evolved
independently in two species.
pheetics - correct answer ✔✔coincides all similarities between organisms to determine relationships
cladistics - correct answer ✔✔classification based on common ancestry
derived similarities - correct answer ✔✔-Not always the result of shared ancestry
-Evolution could have occurred independently
-Goal is to distinguish which characteristic result from shared ancestry and which are not
Species - correct answer ✔✔A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Speciation - correct answer ✔✔Formation of new species
types of fossils - correct answer ✔✔-Mineralized bone/teeth
-Molds
-Casts
-Trace fossils
-Coprolites
, Taphonomy - correct answer ✔✔Study of the process affecting an organism from death to discovery as a
fossil
stratigraphy - correct answer ✔✔The study of rock layers
superposition - correct answer ✔✔the principle that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rocks are on
the bottom and the younger rocks are above them
Provenience - correct answer ✔✔the place of origin for archaeological materials, including location,
association, and context
Lithostratigraphy - correct answer ✔✔the study of geologic deposits and their formation, stratigraphic
relationships, and relative time relationships based on their lithologic (rock) properties
Tephrostratigraphy - correct answer ✔✔using chemical similarities of volcanic ash layers to determine
time equivalence across sites
Biostratigraphy - correct answer ✔✔a relative dating technique based on the regular changes seen in
evolving groups of animals as well as the presence or absence of particular species
radiometric dating - correct answer ✔✔method used to determine the age of rocks using the rate of
decay of radioactive isotopes
Paleomagnetism - correct answer ✔✔the study of changes in Earth's magnetic field, as shown by
patterns of magnetism in rocks that have formed over time
magnetic reversal - correct answer ✔✔an event that causes a magnetic field to reverse direction
plate tectonics - correct answer ✔✔The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion,
driven by convection currents in the mantle.
Paleontology - correct answer ✔✔the scientific study of fossils
homology - correct answer ✔✔similarity resulting from common ancestry
homoplasy - correct answer ✔✔A similar (analogous) structure or molecular sequence that has evolved
independently in two species.
pheetics - correct answer ✔✔coincides all similarities between organisms to determine relationships
cladistics - correct answer ✔✔classification based on common ancestry
derived similarities - correct answer ✔✔-Not always the result of shared ancestry
-Evolution could have occurred independently
-Goal is to distinguish which characteristic result from shared ancestry and which are not
Species - correct answer ✔✔A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
Speciation - correct answer ✔✔Formation of new species
types of fossils - correct answer ✔✔-Mineralized bone/teeth
-Molds
-Casts
-Trace fossils
-Coprolites
, Taphonomy - correct answer ✔✔Study of the process affecting an organism from death to discovery as a
fossil
stratigraphy - correct answer ✔✔The study of rock layers
superposition - correct answer ✔✔the principle that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rocks are on
the bottom and the younger rocks are above them
Provenience - correct answer ✔✔the place of origin for archaeological materials, including location,
association, and context
Lithostratigraphy - correct answer ✔✔the study of geologic deposits and their formation, stratigraphic
relationships, and relative time relationships based on their lithologic (rock) properties
Tephrostratigraphy - correct answer ✔✔using chemical similarities of volcanic ash layers to determine
time equivalence across sites
Biostratigraphy - correct answer ✔✔a relative dating technique based on the regular changes seen in
evolving groups of animals as well as the presence or absence of particular species
radiometric dating - correct answer ✔✔method used to determine the age of rocks using the rate of
decay of radioactive isotopes
Paleomagnetism - correct answer ✔✔the study of changes in Earth's magnetic field, as shown by
patterns of magnetism in rocks that have formed over time
magnetic reversal - correct answer ✔✔an event that causes a magnetic field to reverse direction
plate tectonics - correct answer ✔✔The theory that pieces of Earth's lithosphere are in constant motion,
driven by convection currents in the mantle.
