Physical Anthropology Exam #1
Nucleotides - correct answer ✔✔Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and
one of 4 DNA bases
Adenine - correct answer ✔✔A nucleotide that binds to thymine (T) and uracil (U); it is a purine
Thymine - correct answer ✔✔a pyrimidine component of nucleic acids and nucleotides; pairs with
adenine (A) in DNA
Guananine - correct answer ✔✔component of nucleic acids and nucleotides; pairs with Cytosine (C)
Cytosine - correct answer ✔✔A nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with guanine (G)
Uracil - correct answer ✔✔Nitrogen base that pairs with adenine (A) in RNA.
Transcription - correct answer ✔✔(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is
copied into mRNA
mRNA - correct answer ✔✔A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the
cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
Translation - correct answer ✔✔(genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger
RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
Ribosome - correct answer ✔✔Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.
Codon - correct answer ✔✔A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that
provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid
, Anticodon - correct answer ✔✔A sequence of three bases of a tRNA molecule that pairs with the
complementary three-nucleotide codon of an mRNA molecule during protein synthesis.
Genome - correct answer ✔✔All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's
chromosomes.
Karyotype - correct answer ✔✔Photograph of chromosomes grouped in order and in pairs.
mitosis - correct answer ✔✔A nuclear division resulting in the production of two somatic cells having the
same genetic complement as the original cell.
somatic cells - correct answer ✔✔Any cells in the body other than reproductive cells
diploid cells - correct answer ✔✔A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from
each parent.
Meiosis - correct answer ✔✔Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing
organisms
Gametes - correct answer ✔✔Sex cells
Haploid cells - correct answer ✔✔cells that contain only half the amount of chromosomes (gametes)
Homozygous - correct answer ✔✔An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous - correct answer ✔✔An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Mendelian traits - correct answer ✔✔primarily controlled by a single gene
Polygenic traits - correct answer ✔✔traits controlled by two or more genes
Nucleotides - correct answer ✔✔Basic units of DNA molecule, composed of a sugar, a phosphate, and
one of 4 DNA bases
Adenine - correct answer ✔✔A nucleotide that binds to thymine (T) and uracil (U); it is a purine
Thymine - correct answer ✔✔a pyrimidine component of nucleic acids and nucleotides; pairs with
adenine (A) in DNA
Guananine - correct answer ✔✔component of nucleic acids and nucleotides; pairs with Cytosine (C)
Cytosine - correct answer ✔✔A nitrogenous base found in DNA and RNA; pairs with guanine (G)
Uracil - correct answer ✔✔Nitrogen base that pairs with adenine (A) in RNA.
Transcription - correct answer ✔✔(genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is
copied into mRNA
mRNA - correct answer ✔✔A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA, that attaches to ribosomes in the
cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
Translation - correct answer ✔✔(genetics) the process whereby genetic information coded in messenger
RNA directs the formation of a specific protein at a ribosome in the cytoplasm
Ribosome - correct answer ✔✔Cytoplasmic organelles at which proteins are synthesized.
Codon - correct answer ✔✔A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that
provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid
, Anticodon - correct answer ✔✔A sequence of three bases of a tRNA molecule that pairs with the
complementary three-nucleotide codon of an mRNA molecule during protein synthesis.
Genome - correct answer ✔✔All the genetic information in an organism; all of an organism's
chromosomes.
Karyotype - correct answer ✔✔Photograph of chromosomes grouped in order and in pairs.
mitosis - correct answer ✔✔A nuclear division resulting in the production of two somatic cells having the
same genetic complement as the original cell.
somatic cells - correct answer ✔✔Any cells in the body other than reproductive cells
diploid cells - correct answer ✔✔A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from
each parent.
Meiosis - correct answer ✔✔Cell division that produces reproductive cells in sexually reproducing
organisms
Gametes - correct answer ✔✔Sex cells
Haploid cells - correct answer ✔✔cells that contain only half the amount of chromosomes (gametes)
Homozygous - correct answer ✔✔An organism that has two identical alleles for a trait
Heterozygous - correct answer ✔✔An organism that has two different alleles for a trait
Mendelian traits - correct answer ✔✔primarily controlled by a single gene
Polygenic traits - correct answer ✔✔traits controlled by two or more genes
