Fitzgibbons Final Physical Anthropology
Chapter 5 - correct answer ✔✔Chapter 5
*hominids - correct answer ✔✔a primate of a family that includes humans and their fossil ancestors and
also at least some of the great apes.
Kingdom
Phylum (subphylum)
Class (Subclass)
Order (Suborder, Infraorder, Superfamily) - correct answer ✔✔Animal Classification Chart (Linnaeus)
*Classification - correct answer ✔✔System of ____________ that organizes diversity into categories and
at the same time, indicates evolutionary relationships.
Chordata - correct answer ✔✔The phylum of the animal kingdom that includes vertebrates.
Taxonomy - correct answer ✔✔The field that specializes in establishing the rules of classification.
clade - correct answer ✔✔a group of organisms sharing a common ancestor. Common ancestor and all
the descendants.
*cladistics - correct answer ✔✔An approach to classification that attempts to make rigorous
evolutionary interpretations based solely on analysis of certain types of homologous characters.
monophyletic - correct answer ✔✔referring to an evolutionary group composed of descendants all
sharing a common ancestor.
polyphyletic - correct answer ✔✔referring to an evolutionary group composed of descendants with
more than one common ancestor.
, Not a true clade.
*Analogies - correct answer ✔✔similarities between organisms based strictly on common function, with
no assumed common evolutionary descent.
*Vertebrates - correct answer ✔✔Animals with segmented, bony spinal columns, includes fishes,
amphibians, reptiles(including birds), and mammals.
*homologies - correct answer ✔✔similarities between organisms based on descent from a common
ancestor.
*homoplasy - correct answer ✔✔The separate evolutionary development of similar characteristics in
different groups of organisms.
*Ancestral - correct answer ✔✔Referring to characters inherited by a group of organisms from a remote
ancestor and thus not diagnostic of groups that diverged after the character first appeared, also called
primitive.
*derived traits - correct answer ✔✔characters that are modified from the ancestral condition and thus
diagnostic of particular evolutionary lineages.
*shared-derived trait - correct answer ✔✔specific character traits shared in common between two life-
forms and considered the most useful for making evolutionary interpretations.
*phylogenetic tree - correct answer ✔✔A chart showing evolutionary relationships as determined by
evolutionary systematics. It contains a time component and implies ancestor descendant relationships.
*cladogram - correct answer ✔✔A chart showing evolutionary relationships determined by cladistics
analysis. It's based solely on interpretation of shared derived characters. It contains no time component
and does not imply ancestor-descendant relationships.
*speciation - correct answer ✔✔the process by which a new species evolves from an earlier species. It is
the most basic process of macroevolution.
Chapter 5 - correct answer ✔✔Chapter 5
*hominids - correct answer ✔✔a primate of a family that includes humans and their fossil ancestors and
also at least some of the great apes.
Kingdom
Phylum (subphylum)
Class (Subclass)
Order (Suborder, Infraorder, Superfamily) - correct answer ✔✔Animal Classification Chart (Linnaeus)
*Classification - correct answer ✔✔System of ____________ that organizes diversity into categories and
at the same time, indicates evolutionary relationships.
Chordata - correct answer ✔✔The phylum of the animal kingdom that includes vertebrates.
Taxonomy - correct answer ✔✔The field that specializes in establishing the rules of classification.
clade - correct answer ✔✔a group of organisms sharing a common ancestor. Common ancestor and all
the descendants.
*cladistics - correct answer ✔✔An approach to classification that attempts to make rigorous
evolutionary interpretations based solely on analysis of certain types of homologous characters.
monophyletic - correct answer ✔✔referring to an evolutionary group composed of descendants all
sharing a common ancestor.
polyphyletic - correct answer ✔✔referring to an evolutionary group composed of descendants with
more than one common ancestor.
, Not a true clade.
*Analogies - correct answer ✔✔similarities between organisms based strictly on common function, with
no assumed common evolutionary descent.
*Vertebrates - correct answer ✔✔Animals with segmented, bony spinal columns, includes fishes,
amphibians, reptiles(including birds), and mammals.
*homologies - correct answer ✔✔similarities between organisms based on descent from a common
ancestor.
*homoplasy - correct answer ✔✔The separate evolutionary development of similar characteristics in
different groups of organisms.
*Ancestral - correct answer ✔✔Referring to characters inherited by a group of organisms from a remote
ancestor and thus not diagnostic of groups that diverged after the character first appeared, also called
primitive.
*derived traits - correct answer ✔✔characters that are modified from the ancestral condition and thus
diagnostic of particular evolutionary lineages.
*shared-derived trait - correct answer ✔✔specific character traits shared in common between two life-
forms and considered the most useful for making evolutionary interpretations.
*phylogenetic tree - correct answer ✔✔A chart showing evolutionary relationships as determined by
evolutionary systematics. It contains a time component and implies ancestor descendant relationships.
*cladogram - correct answer ✔✔A chart showing evolutionary relationships determined by cladistics
analysis. It's based solely on interpretation of shared derived characters. It contains no time component
and does not imply ancestor-descendant relationships.
*speciation - correct answer ✔✔the process by which a new species evolves from an earlier species. It is
the most basic process of macroevolution.
