Nurs 1141 Exam 1 Questions With
Answers
Meglitinide - ANSWER- Repaglinide (Prandin)
Lower blood glucose levels by stimulating the release of insulin from the beta cells of
the pancreas.
Common/serious adverse effects: hypoglycemia
Thiazolidinediones - ANSWER- Pioglitazone (actos)
Lower blood glucose levels by increasing the sensitivity of muscle and fat tissue to
insulin, allowing moe glucose to enter the cells in the presence of insulin for metabolism
Androgen/androderm - ANSWER- -short acting androgen agent
-testosterone topical gel
-used for male hypogonadism
-common adverse effect: gastric irritation
-serious adverse effects: electrolyte imbalance, edema, hypercalcemia, masculinization,
hepatotoxicity
Alendronate (Fosamax) - ANSWER- Bisphosphonste
Used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in post menopausal women, men
and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in both men and women with low BMD who are
receiving 7.5mg of prednisone
Zoledronic acid (Reclast) - ANSWER- Bisphosphonate
Treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in post menopausal women, men,
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in both. Especially if prescribed >7.5mg of
prednisone for at least 12 months
Risedronate (Actonel) - ANSWER- Bisphosphonate
Treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in post menopausal women, men, and
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in both
Bisphosphonates - ANSWER- Inhibit bone resorption by actions on osteoclasts.
Decreasing the rate of bone resorption leads to an indirect increase in BMD
Adverse effects: flu like symptoms, hypocalcemia, bone and joint pain, fatigue
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors - ANSWER- Acarbose (Precose)
-antihyperglycemic agent
-enzyme inhibitors that inhibit pancreatic alpha-amylase and gastrointestinal alpha-
glucoside hydrolase enzymes used in the digestion of sugars. Results in delayed
glucose absorption and a lowering of postprandial hyperglycemia.
, Side effects: abdominal pain, gas, bloating, diarrhea, mild rash
Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors - ANSWER- Canagliflozin
(Invokana)
-block the secretion of the SGLT-2 protein, dropping glucose reabsorption from 90% to
less than 10% causing the glucose to be excreted in the urine.
-treats hyperglycemia in T2DM
Side effects: hypotension, increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol,
hypoglycemia, genitourinary tract infections, increased urination.
Dipeptidyl peptides IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors - ANSWER- Stigliptin (Januvia)
-prolong the life of active GLP-1 and GIP, prolonging the beneficial effects of the incretin
hormones in reducing hyperglycemia.
-combine with metformin, a sulfonylurea, or both
-side effects: upper respiratory infection, pancreatitis
Incretin Mimetics (Glucogen-like peptide-1 agonists) - ANSWER- Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
-increases serum insulin and reduces glucose concentrations, delays gastric emptying,
reduces appetite.
-used in combination with other hypoglycemics and metformin
Side effects: hypoglycemia, pancreatitis
Antihypoglycemic Agents - ANSWER- Drug: glucagon
Actions
Break down stored glycogen to glucose
Uses
Treat hypoglycemic reactions
Common and serious adverse effects
Nausea, vomiting
Administer SC, IM, or IV. Should respond in 5-20 minutes; if not, 1-2 additional doses
Striant (testosterone) - ANSWER- Oral androgen agent
Used for hypogonadism
Side effects: gastric irritation, electrolyte imbalance, edema, hypercalcemia,
masculinization, hepatotoxicity
Testopel - ANSWER- Testosterone pellets
Long acting androgen agent
Used for male hypogonadism, delayed puberty
Side effects: gastric irritation, electrolyte imbalance, edema, hypercalcemia,
masculinization, hepatotoxicity
Sulfonylureas - ANSWER- Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Lower blood glucose levels by stimulating the release of insulin from the beta cells of
the pancreas. Also diminish glucose production and metabolism of insulin by the liver.
Used in treatment of T2DM
Answers
Meglitinide - ANSWER- Repaglinide (Prandin)
Lower blood glucose levels by stimulating the release of insulin from the beta cells of
the pancreas.
Common/serious adverse effects: hypoglycemia
Thiazolidinediones - ANSWER- Pioglitazone (actos)
Lower blood glucose levels by increasing the sensitivity of muscle and fat tissue to
insulin, allowing moe glucose to enter the cells in the presence of insulin for metabolism
Androgen/androderm - ANSWER- -short acting androgen agent
-testosterone topical gel
-used for male hypogonadism
-common adverse effect: gastric irritation
-serious adverse effects: electrolyte imbalance, edema, hypercalcemia, masculinization,
hepatotoxicity
Alendronate (Fosamax) - ANSWER- Bisphosphonste
Used in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in post menopausal women, men
and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in both men and women with low BMD who are
receiving 7.5mg of prednisone
Zoledronic acid (Reclast) - ANSWER- Bisphosphonate
Treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in post menopausal women, men,
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in both. Especially if prescribed >7.5mg of
prednisone for at least 12 months
Risedronate (Actonel) - ANSWER- Bisphosphonate
Treatment and prevention of osteoporosis in post menopausal women, men, and
glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis in both
Bisphosphonates - ANSWER- Inhibit bone resorption by actions on osteoclasts.
Decreasing the rate of bone resorption leads to an indirect increase in BMD
Adverse effects: flu like symptoms, hypocalcemia, bone and joint pain, fatigue
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors - ANSWER- Acarbose (Precose)
-antihyperglycemic agent
-enzyme inhibitors that inhibit pancreatic alpha-amylase and gastrointestinal alpha-
glucoside hydrolase enzymes used in the digestion of sugars. Results in delayed
glucose absorption and a lowering of postprandial hyperglycemia.
, Side effects: abdominal pain, gas, bloating, diarrhea, mild rash
Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors - ANSWER- Canagliflozin
(Invokana)
-block the secretion of the SGLT-2 protein, dropping glucose reabsorption from 90% to
less than 10% causing the glucose to be excreted in the urine.
-treats hyperglycemia in T2DM
Side effects: hypotension, increases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol,
hypoglycemia, genitourinary tract infections, increased urination.
Dipeptidyl peptides IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors - ANSWER- Stigliptin (Januvia)
-prolong the life of active GLP-1 and GIP, prolonging the beneficial effects of the incretin
hormones in reducing hyperglycemia.
-combine with metformin, a sulfonylurea, or both
-side effects: upper respiratory infection, pancreatitis
Incretin Mimetics (Glucogen-like peptide-1 agonists) - ANSWER- Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
-increases serum insulin and reduces glucose concentrations, delays gastric emptying,
reduces appetite.
-used in combination with other hypoglycemics and metformin
Side effects: hypoglycemia, pancreatitis
Antihypoglycemic Agents - ANSWER- Drug: glucagon
Actions
Break down stored glycogen to glucose
Uses
Treat hypoglycemic reactions
Common and serious adverse effects
Nausea, vomiting
Administer SC, IM, or IV. Should respond in 5-20 minutes; if not, 1-2 additional doses
Striant (testosterone) - ANSWER- Oral androgen agent
Used for hypogonadism
Side effects: gastric irritation, electrolyte imbalance, edema, hypercalcemia,
masculinization, hepatotoxicity
Testopel - ANSWER- Testosterone pellets
Long acting androgen agent
Used for male hypogonadism, delayed puberty
Side effects: gastric irritation, electrolyte imbalance, edema, hypercalcemia,
masculinization, hepatotoxicity
Sulfonylureas - ANSWER- Glipizide (Glucotrol)
Lower blood glucose levels by stimulating the release of insulin from the beta cells of
the pancreas. Also diminish glucose production and metabolism of insulin by the liver.
Used in treatment of T2DM
