BNNS502 pt 2 STUDY GUIDE WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Functions of the nucleus - ANSWER Control cellular structure, directs cellular
activity, produces ribosomes
How many pairs of chromosomes does the body have - ANSWER 23
2 chromosomes making up a chromosome pair are called - ANSWER
Homologous chromosomes
Allelels are - ANSWER Alternative versions of a gene
Describe Homozygous vs Heterozygous alleles - ANSWER Homozygous have
identical info for a trait where as heterozygous have different
What are the 2 types of cell division - ANSWER Somatic and reproductive
What is the aim of somatic cell division - ANSWER Replace dead or injured
cells or add new ones via mitosis and cytokinesis
What s the aim of reproductive cell division - ANSWER Produce gamete
haploid(23 single chromosomes) cells via meiosis
What are the 3 stages of somatic cell division - ANSWER - Interphase -Mitosis
-Cytokinesis
What does Interphase involve - ANSWER Doubling of genetic material, DNA
unzips via enzyme presence
What does Mitosis involve - ANSWER 4 stages in which
nucleus/chromosomes divide
,What occurs during cytokinesis - ANSWER Division of cytoplasm to create 2
identical daughter cells
Describe meiosis I and meiosis II - ANSWER Meiosis I: 4 Stages that produce
2 genetically different cells
Meiosis: Similar to mitosis (division of cytoplasm)
What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis I - ANSWER Genetic
variation because of the exchange of genes homologous chromosomes
What is cancer - ANSWER The result of uncontrolled or abnormal cell
proliferation resulting in excess tissue called a tumour
Carcinoma cancers arise from - ANSWER Epithelial tissue
Leukaemia cancer arises from - ANSWER WBC
Define inheritance - ANSWER Passage of hereditary traits from one
generation to another
Compare genotype to a phenotype - ANSWER Genotype is the genetic
makeup of an individual and Phenotype is the physical characteristic
determined by the genotype
Define Mutation - ANSWER Permanent heritable change in a gene
Homozygous vs Heterozygous - ANSWER Homozygous: Same alleles (PP,pp)
Heterozygous: Different alleles (Pp)
Are genetic disorders Dominant or recessive - ANSWER Recessive and takes
both parents to be carriers
Autosomes vs sex chromosomes - ANSWER Autosomes: Any chromosome
, that isn't a sex chromosome
Sex chromosome: 23rd pair (XX or XY)
XX and XY code for - ANSWER XX: Female
XY: Male
What does the X chromosome contain - ANSWER Genes important for brain
function, clottong factor and cone pigments
Why are male sex linked traits more common - ANSWER Because it always
expressed because there is no corresponding allele on Y chromosome,
females must have 2 sexlinked recessive alleles
What errors can occur during meiosis - ANSWER Trisomy (2n+1) or
monosomy (2n -1)
Down syndrome occurs when - ANSWER There is an extra 21st chromosome
What is a teratogen - ANSWER Any agent or influence that causes
developmental defects in the embryo ie chemicals, drugs, cigarettes,
irradition
Name some autosomal dominant genetic disorders and what causes them -
ANSWER Huntingtons disease, gene specific breast and ovarian cancers.
Caused by mutation on a single gene
Name some autosomal recessive genetic disorders and what causes them -
ANSWER Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease. Caused my a mutation of 2 gene
pairs on a chromosome
Name an X-linked recessive disorder - ANSWER Haemophilia
What is the function of the ovaries - ANSWER Produce oestrogen and
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Functions of the nucleus - ANSWER Control cellular structure, directs cellular
activity, produces ribosomes
How many pairs of chromosomes does the body have - ANSWER 23
2 chromosomes making up a chromosome pair are called - ANSWER
Homologous chromosomes
Allelels are - ANSWER Alternative versions of a gene
Describe Homozygous vs Heterozygous alleles - ANSWER Homozygous have
identical info for a trait where as heterozygous have different
What are the 2 types of cell division - ANSWER Somatic and reproductive
What is the aim of somatic cell division - ANSWER Replace dead or injured
cells or add new ones via mitosis and cytokinesis
What s the aim of reproductive cell division - ANSWER Produce gamete
haploid(23 single chromosomes) cells via meiosis
What are the 3 stages of somatic cell division - ANSWER - Interphase -Mitosis
-Cytokinesis
What does Interphase involve - ANSWER Doubling of genetic material, DNA
unzips via enzyme presence
What does Mitosis involve - ANSWER 4 stages in which
nucleus/chromosomes divide
,What occurs during cytokinesis - ANSWER Division of cytoplasm to create 2
identical daughter cells
Describe meiosis I and meiosis II - ANSWER Meiosis I: 4 Stages that produce
2 genetically different cells
Meiosis: Similar to mitosis (division of cytoplasm)
What is the purpose of crossing over during meiosis I - ANSWER Genetic
variation because of the exchange of genes homologous chromosomes
What is cancer - ANSWER The result of uncontrolled or abnormal cell
proliferation resulting in excess tissue called a tumour
Carcinoma cancers arise from - ANSWER Epithelial tissue
Leukaemia cancer arises from - ANSWER WBC
Define inheritance - ANSWER Passage of hereditary traits from one
generation to another
Compare genotype to a phenotype - ANSWER Genotype is the genetic
makeup of an individual and Phenotype is the physical characteristic
determined by the genotype
Define Mutation - ANSWER Permanent heritable change in a gene
Homozygous vs Heterozygous - ANSWER Homozygous: Same alleles (PP,pp)
Heterozygous: Different alleles (Pp)
Are genetic disorders Dominant or recessive - ANSWER Recessive and takes
both parents to be carriers
Autosomes vs sex chromosomes - ANSWER Autosomes: Any chromosome
, that isn't a sex chromosome
Sex chromosome: 23rd pair (XX or XY)
XX and XY code for - ANSWER XX: Female
XY: Male
What does the X chromosome contain - ANSWER Genes important for brain
function, clottong factor and cone pigments
Why are male sex linked traits more common - ANSWER Because it always
expressed because there is no corresponding allele on Y chromosome,
females must have 2 sexlinked recessive alleles
What errors can occur during meiosis - ANSWER Trisomy (2n+1) or
monosomy (2n -1)
Down syndrome occurs when - ANSWER There is an extra 21st chromosome
What is a teratogen - ANSWER Any agent or influence that causes
developmental defects in the embryo ie chemicals, drugs, cigarettes,
irradition
Name some autosomal dominant genetic disorders and what causes them -
ANSWER Huntingtons disease, gene specific breast and ovarian cancers.
Caused by mutation on a single gene
Name some autosomal recessive genetic disorders and what causes them -
ANSWER Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease. Caused my a mutation of 2 gene
pairs on a chromosome
Name an X-linked recessive disorder - ANSWER Haemophilia
What is the function of the ovaries - ANSWER Produce oestrogen and
