NURB 3050 Pathophysiology
Exam 2 Study Guide
Be able to explain the Renal-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System - Answer 1) Blood
pressure drops
2)Sympathetic Nervous system is activated
3)Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells are activated and release renin
4) Angiotensinogen released by the liver
5) Then converted to Angiotensin 1
6) ACE system converts AG1 to Angiotensin 2
7) Vasoconstriction
Kidneys keep Na+ and H20
Adrenal cortex releases Aldosterone to keep Na+ and H20
Post Pituitary gland releases ADH
Name the functions of the renal system. (A WET BED) - Answer Acid-base balance
Water balance
Electrolyte balance
Toxin removal
Blood Pressure control
Erythropoietin making
D vitamin metabolism
What is the functional unit of the renal system? - Answer The Nephron
Glomerular Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
What is the glomerulus and what is its function? - Answer It is at the beginning of the
, nephron, it's a network of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering the blood.
Explain Glomerular Filtration Rate and why is it significant to renal function? - Answer
Measures how well the kidneys are filtering blood. Determines if the kidneys are
working correctly or if they are failing
Which diagnostic tests are used to determine renal function? - Answer Urinalysis
Glomerular filtration rate
Blood tests
oSerum creatinine
oBlood urea nitrogen
Cystoscopy
Ultrasonography
Radiologic
Explain the role of the tubules within the nephron. - Answer As the filtrate flows through
the tubule, the concentration of water and electrolytes in the filtrate changes due to:
oReabsorption of water and solutes by tubular cells into the peritubular capillary blood
oSecretion from the blood into the tubular lumen
Define micturition reflex - Answer a reflex pathway that causes bladder contraction
during urination
Function of Body Fluids - Answer - Transport gases, nutrients, and wastes
- Help generate the electrical activity needed to power body functions
- Take part in the transforming of food into energy
- Maintain the overall function of the body
What percentage of cardiac output influences the amount of blood flow through the
renal system each day? - Answer 25%
Which hormones are released by the kidneys? What cellular response does each have? -
Answer Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)- Alters collecting tubules permeability to H2O
Aldosterone- Regulates water and Na reabsorption and excretion
Calcitrol- Assists in converting Vitamin D to its active form
Erythropoietin- Released when decreased oxygen to the kidney
Exam 2 Study Guide
Be able to explain the Renal-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System - Answer 1) Blood
pressure drops
2)Sympathetic Nervous system is activated
3)Juxtaglomerular (JG) cells are activated and release renin
4) Angiotensinogen released by the liver
5) Then converted to Angiotensin 1
6) ACE system converts AG1 to Angiotensin 2
7) Vasoconstriction
Kidneys keep Na+ and H20
Adrenal cortex releases Aldosterone to keep Na+ and H20
Post Pituitary gland releases ADH
Name the functions of the renal system. (A WET BED) - Answer Acid-base balance
Water balance
Electrolyte balance
Toxin removal
Blood Pressure control
Erythropoietin making
D vitamin metabolism
What is the functional unit of the renal system? - Answer The Nephron
Glomerular Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion
What is the glomerulus and what is its function? - Answer It is at the beginning of the
, nephron, it's a network of capillaries that performs the first step of filtering the blood.
Explain Glomerular Filtration Rate and why is it significant to renal function? - Answer
Measures how well the kidneys are filtering blood. Determines if the kidneys are
working correctly or if they are failing
Which diagnostic tests are used to determine renal function? - Answer Urinalysis
Glomerular filtration rate
Blood tests
oSerum creatinine
oBlood urea nitrogen
Cystoscopy
Ultrasonography
Radiologic
Explain the role of the tubules within the nephron. - Answer As the filtrate flows through
the tubule, the concentration of water and electrolytes in the filtrate changes due to:
oReabsorption of water and solutes by tubular cells into the peritubular capillary blood
oSecretion from the blood into the tubular lumen
Define micturition reflex - Answer a reflex pathway that causes bladder contraction
during urination
Function of Body Fluids - Answer - Transport gases, nutrients, and wastes
- Help generate the electrical activity needed to power body functions
- Take part in the transforming of food into energy
- Maintain the overall function of the body
What percentage of cardiac output influences the amount of blood flow through the
renal system each day? - Answer 25%
Which hormones are released by the kidneys? What cellular response does each have? -
Answer Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)- Alters collecting tubules permeability to H2O
Aldosterone- Regulates water and Na reabsorption and excretion
Calcitrol- Assists in converting Vitamin D to its active form
Erythropoietin- Released when decreased oxygen to the kidney
