NURS 8024 Pharm Test 1: Revised Questions &
Answers
Pharmacokinetics Right Ans - -discipline that studies the absorption,
distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs
-(what the body does to the drugs/ how it moves throughout your system)
Pharmacodynamics Right Ans - -concerns the actions of the chemical on
the organism
-(what the drug does to the body)
Pharmacology Right Ans - -branch of science that focuses on the study of
substances that interact with living organisms through chemical processes as
well as the effects of the living organism with the drug
Pharmacotherapeutics Right Ans - -the study of the therapeutic uses and
effects of drugs. this is a study of beneficial and adverse effects of drugs.
Toxicology Right Ans - -branch of pharmacology that deals with
undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems- (all substances have
potential for toxicity)
Legend drug (prescription drug) Right Ans - -drugs that are approved by
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and that are required by federal
or state law to be dispensed to the public only on prescription of a licensed
physician or other licensed provide
OTC drug Right Ans - -medicines sold directly to a consumer without a
prescription from a healthcare professional
Pharmacokinetics Right Ans - -Absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-elimination
Absorption Right Ans - entry of pharmacologic agent into plasma
,Distribution Right Ans - agent leaves bloodstream and distributes to
interstitial and intracellular fluid
Metabolism Right Ans - agent must be metabolized via liver, kidneys or
other tissue
elimination Right Ans - - agent metabolites must be eliminated from the
body (urine, feces, bile, expired air (alcohol)
Pharmacologic agonist Right Ans - -agent binds to and activates the
receptor - directly or indirectly causing an effect
• Full or partial agonists
-ex. albuterol inhaler
Pharmacologic antagonist Right Ans - - it's an inhibitor (stops)-agent binds
to a receptor- competing w/ other molecules and preventing binding by other
molecules-ex. ) beta blocker
Pro-drug: Right Ans - -an inactive precursor chemical - must be absorbed
and distributed and converted to the active form of the drug by biologic
processes
therapeutic goal Right Ans - -obtain/maintain concentrations within the
therapeutic window for desired response & minimal toxicity
-inside the box ='s a therapeutic window/ outside of the box there is. risk for
toxicity
-lag period: period until drug gets absorbed-duration of action: how long the
medication worked
Factors that impact drug absorption Right Ans - 1) Electrical charge: Drugs
pass readily through cell membrane when they are
uncharged
2) Molecular weight (size) (smaller MW passes cell membrane more easily)
3) Route of administration (parental faster than oral)
, 4) Presence of other substances/food (for example, vitamin C favors
absorption of
iron)
5) Disease state (for instance mal-absorption and hyperthyroidism)
6) Gastric motility and gastric emptying
7) Intestinal blood flow > stomach blood flow
8) pH (for instance if a pt is on an H2 receptor blocker or PPI, this makes the
pH of
the gut move towards a more neutral versus acidic pH, which affects how the
drug is absorbed).
9) Contact time with absorptive surface (rapid vs slow GI transport where
slow
transport gives the drug more time to absorb, parasympathetic input
increases rate of gastric emptying, sympathetic input decreases rate of gastric
emptying because it has an inhibitory effect on GI muscle, food in stomach can
lead to delayed absorption.
Bioavailability Right Ans - The fraction of chemically unchanged drug that
reaches the systemic circulation (ex: PO med taken with food- goes through
first pass system- absorbed through GI tract- how much of it goes to your
systemic circulation- that's bioavailability)
factors that can influence bioavailability Right Ans - - first pass metabolism
(GI -> portal system-> drug gets metabolized which inactivates part of the
drug)
-solubility : ( hydrophilic =Lipophobic) , ( Lipophilic = hydrophobic)
-whether the drug is chemically unstable in the GI tract -nature of the drug
formation (enteric coated)
Answers
Pharmacokinetics Right Ans - -discipline that studies the absorption,
distribution, metabolism and elimination of drugs
-(what the body does to the drugs/ how it moves throughout your system)
Pharmacodynamics Right Ans - -concerns the actions of the chemical on
the organism
-(what the drug does to the body)
Pharmacology Right Ans - -branch of science that focuses on the study of
substances that interact with living organisms through chemical processes as
well as the effects of the living organism with the drug
Pharmacotherapeutics Right Ans - -the study of the therapeutic uses and
effects of drugs. this is a study of beneficial and adverse effects of drugs.
Toxicology Right Ans - -branch of pharmacology that deals with
undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems- (all substances have
potential for toxicity)
Legend drug (prescription drug) Right Ans - -drugs that are approved by
the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and that are required by federal
or state law to be dispensed to the public only on prescription of a licensed
physician or other licensed provide
OTC drug Right Ans - -medicines sold directly to a consumer without a
prescription from a healthcare professional
Pharmacokinetics Right Ans - -Absorption
-distribution
-metabolism
-elimination
Absorption Right Ans - entry of pharmacologic agent into plasma
,Distribution Right Ans - agent leaves bloodstream and distributes to
interstitial and intracellular fluid
Metabolism Right Ans - agent must be metabolized via liver, kidneys or
other tissue
elimination Right Ans - - agent metabolites must be eliminated from the
body (urine, feces, bile, expired air (alcohol)
Pharmacologic agonist Right Ans - -agent binds to and activates the
receptor - directly or indirectly causing an effect
• Full or partial agonists
-ex. albuterol inhaler
Pharmacologic antagonist Right Ans - - it's an inhibitor (stops)-agent binds
to a receptor- competing w/ other molecules and preventing binding by other
molecules-ex. ) beta blocker
Pro-drug: Right Ans - -an inactive precursor chemical - must be absorbed
and distributed and converted to the active form of the drug by biologic
processes
therapeutic goal Right Ans - -obtain/maintain concentrations within the
therapeutic window for desired response & minimal toxicity
-inside the box ='s a therapeutic window/ outside of the box there is. risk for
toxicity
-lag period: period until drug gets absorbed-duration of action: how long the
medication worked
Factors that impact drug absorption Right Ans - 1) Electrical charge: Drugs
pass readily through cell membrane when they are
uncharged
2) Molecular weight (size) (smaller MW passes cell membrane more easily)
3) Route of administration (parental faster than oral)
, 4) Presence of other substances/food (for example, vitamin C favors
absorption of
iron)
5) Disease state (for instance mal-absorption and hyperthyroidism)
6) Gastric motility and gastric emptying
7) Intestinal blood flow > stomach blood flow
8) pH (for instance if a pt is on an H2 receptor blocker or PPI, this makes the
pH of
the gut move towards a more neutral versus acidic pH, which affects how the
drug is absorbed).
9) Contact time with absorptive surface (rapid vs slow GI transport where
slow
transport gives the drug more time to absorb, parasympathetic input
increases rate of gastric emptying, sympathetic input decreases rate of gastric
emptying because it has an inhibitory effect on GI muscle, food in stomach can
lead to delayed absorption.
Bioavailability Right Ans - The fraction of chemically unchanged drug that
reaches the systemic circulation (ex: PO med taken with food- goes through
first pass system- absorbed through GI tract- how much of it goes to your
systemic circulation- that's bioavailability)
factors that can influence bioavailability Right Ans - - first pass metabolism
(GI -> portal system-> drug gets metabolized which inactivates part of the
drug)
-solubility : ( hydrophilic =Lipophobic) , ( Lipophilic = hydrophobic)
-whether the drug is chemically unstable in the GI tract -nature of the drug
formation (enteric coated)
