NURA 303 NCLEX Exam 3 Questions
With Complete Solutions
Which of the following are considered cardinal signs of
infection? (select all that apply)
A) Swelling
B) Redness
C) Pain
D) Loss of function
E) Cyanosis
F) Pallor
A, B, C, D
(Rationale: The cardinal signs of infection are swelling, redness,
pain, and loss of function, all of which indicate an inflammatory
response. Cyanosis and pallor are not signs of infection but
could indicate circulation issues or hypoxia.)
A nurse is caring for an elderly client who is at risk for a
pulmonary infection. What age-related factor is most likely
contributing to the risk of infection?
A) Decreased renal blood flow
B) Decreased activity of cilia in the respiratory tract
C) Decreased immune response
D) Incomplete emptying of the bladder
B
(Rationale: In the elderly, the decreased activity of cilia in the
,respiratory tract impairs the body's ability to clear
microorganisms from the airway, increasing the risk of
pulmonary infections. While other factors are relevant,
decreased ciliary action is directly linked to respiratory
infections.)
A nurse is performing patient education about preventing
urinary tract infections (UTIs) in older adults. Which of the
following factors increase the risk for UTI? (select all that
apply)
A) Incomplete emptying of the bladder
B) Pelvic floor relaxation due to estrogen depletion
C) Increased elastic recoil of the lungs
D) Enlarged prostate gland
E) Increased vascular supply to the skin
A, B, D
(Rationale: Older adults are at increased risk for UTIs due to
incomplete bladder emptying, pelvic floor relaxation from
estrogen depletion, and enlarged prostate gland in males. These
factors contribute to urinary stasis, which fosters bacterial
growth. The lungs and skin are unrelated to UTIs.)
Which of the following is the first line of defense against
infection?
A) White blood cells
B) Skin and mucous membranes
C) Antibodies
D) Inflammatory response
,B
(Rationale: The skin and mucous membranes act as the body's
first physical barriers to infection by blocking the entry of
pathogens. White blood cells, antibodies, and the inflammatory
response are part of the body's secondary defense mechanisms.)
You are assessing a client for infection. The patient reports
burning during urination and a foul-smelling odor. Based on this
assessment, what should the nurse suspect?
A) Pulmonary infection
B) Urinary tract infection
C) Skin infection
D) Viral infection
B
(Rationale: Burning during urination and foul-smelling urine are
classic symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Pulmonary
infections usually present with cough and shortness of breath,
and skin infections typically involve redness and swelling at the
site.)
Which of the following are important steps in preventing the
spread of infection in a healthcare setting? (select all that apply)
A) Use gloves when touching body fluids
B) Wash hands before and after patient contact
C) Recap needles carefully
D) Wear a mask when dealing with airborne precautions
E) Share equipment between patients if sanitized
, A, B, D
(Rationale: Proper hand hygiene and wearing gloves when in
contact with body fluids are critical infection control practices.
Masks are necessary for airborne precautions. Recapping
needles and sharing equipment are unsafe practices that increase
the risk of needle sticks and cross-contamination.)
A nurse is developing a care plan for a client at risk for
infection. What is the priority outcome for this client?
A) The client will verbalize knowledge of infection control
procedures.
B) The client will maintain skin integrity.
C) The client will show no signs or symptoms of infection
during hospitalization.
D) The client will report reduced stress levels.
C
(Rationale: The priority outcome is that the client remains free
from infection during hospitalization, as infection can
complicate the client's health status. Verbalizing knowledge is
important but does not guarantee infection prevention.)
Drag-and-Drop: Put the steps in the correct order
Place the steps for donning personal protective equipment (PPE)
in the correct order:
Gown
Gloves
Mask
Face shield
With Complete Solutions
Which of the following are considered cardinal signs of
infection? (select all that apply)
A) Swelling
B) Redness
C) Pain
D) Loss of function
E) Cyanosis
F) Pallor
A, B, C, D
(Rationale: The cardinal signs of infection are swelling, redness,
pain, and loss of function, all of which indicate an inflammatory
response. Cyanosis and pallor are not signs of infection but
could indicate circulation issues or hypoxia.)
A nurse is caring for an elderly client who is at risk for a
pulmonary infection. What age-related factor is most likely
contributing to the risk of infection?
A) Decreased renal blood flow
B) Decreased activity of cilia in the respiratory tract
C) Decreased immune response
D) Incomplete emptying of the bladder
B
(Rationale: In the elderly, the decreased activity of cilia in the
,respiratory tract impairs the body's ability to clear
microorganisms from the airway, increasing the risk of
pulmonary infections. While other factors are relevant,
decreased ciliary action is directly linked to respiratory
infections.)
A nurse is performing patient education about preventing
urinary tract infections (UTIs) in older adults. Which of the
following factors increase the risk for UTI? (select all that
apply)
A) Incomplete emptying of the bladder
B) Pelvic floor relaxation due to estrogen depletion
C) Increased elastic recoil of the lungs
D) Enlarged prostate gland
E) Increased vascular supply to the skin
A, B, D
(Rationale: Older adults are at increased risk for UTIs due to
incomplete bladder emptying, pelvic floor relaxation from
estrogen depletion, and enlarged prostate gland in males. These
factors contribute to urinary stasis, which fosters bacterial
growth. The lungs and skin are unrelated to UTIs.)
Which of the following is the first line of defense against
infection?
A) White blood cells
B) Skin and mucous membranes
C) Antibodies
D) Inflammatory response
,B
(Rationale: The skin and mucous membranes act as the body's
first physical barriers to infection by blocking the entry of
pathogens. White blood cells, antibodies, and the inflammatory
response are part of the body's secondary defense mechanisms.)
You are assessing a client for infection. The patient reports
burning during urination and a foul-smelling odor. Based on this
assessment, what should the nurse suspect?
A) Pulmonary infection
B) Urinary tract infection
C) Skin infection
D) Viral infection
B
(Rationale: Burning during urination and foul-smelling urine are
classic symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). Pulmonary
infections usually present with cough and shortness of breath,
and skin infections typically involve redness and swelling at the
site.)
Which of the following are important steps in preventing the
spread of infection in a healthcare setting? (select all that apply)
A) Use gloves when touching body fluids
B) Wash hands before and after patient contact
C) Recap needles carefully
D) Wear a mask when dealing with airborne precautions
E) Share equipment between patients if sanitized
, A, B, D
(Rationale: Proper hand hygiene and wearing gloves when in
contact with body fluids are critical infection control practices.
Masks are necessary for airborne precautions. Recapping
needles and sharing equipment are unsafe practices that increase
the risk of needle sticks and cross-contamination.)
A nurse is developing a care plan for a client at risk for
infection. What is the priority outcome for this client?
A) The client will verbalize knowledge of infection control
procedures.
B) The client will maintain skin integrity.
C) The client will show no signs or symptoms of infection
during hospitalization.
D) The client will report reduced stress levels.
C
(Rationale: The priority outcome is that the client remains free
from infection during hospitalization, as infection can
complicate the client's health status. Verbalizing knowledge is
important but does not guarantee infection prevention.)
Drag-and-Drop: Put the steps in the correct order
Place the steps for donning personal protective equipment (PPE)
in the correct order:
Gown
Gloves
Mask
Face shield
