Cardiac Anatomy - Echo Board Review
Where is the heart situated in the body? - 1/3 of heart is situated to right of midline
2/3 of heart is situated to left of midline
How is the base of the heart situated?
What is located in the base? - upward toward the head, more posterior than the apex
atria are located in the base
How is the apex of the heart situated?
What is located in the apex? - downward and left, rotated slightly to the left
lower portion of the left ventricle
Is the right ventricle anterior or posterior to the left ventricle? - Anterior
What is the crux of the heart? - junction of the atrial and ventricular septums
What is levocardia? - normal axis of the heart
apex pointed to left side
What is levoposition? - heart located on left side of chest
NORMAL POSITION OF HEART
What is dextrocardia? - heart is pointed toward right side of chest
What is dextroposition? - heart located in right side of chest with apex pointing to the left
, What is extreme levocardia? - heart is located very lateral on left side of chest
Associated with congenital heart disease
What is mesocardia? - heart located in middle of chest with apex pointing midline
Is the IAS a thin wall of tissue or muscular? - thin wall of tissue
found between atriums
Is the IVS a thin wall of tissue or muscular? - muscular
found between ventricles
Define PAPILLARY MUSCLES
HOW ARE THEY CONNECTED? - muscles attached to each leaflet of the atrioventricular valves
connected to valves by the chordae tendinae
What two valves are the atrioventricular valves? - Mitral Valve and Tricuspid Valve
Which AV valve has a papillary muscle on the septum? - Tricuspid Valve
Define CHORDAE TENDINAE - fibrous strands connecting papillary muscles to the leaflet
Multiple strands are attached to each leaflet
Define TRABECULATIONS - series of muscular ridges connected in a chaotic fashion on inner surface
of each ventricle
Which ventricle has more pronounced trabeculations? - Right Ventricle
Where is the heart situated in the body? - 1/3 of heart is situated to right of midline
2/3 of heart is situated to left of midline
How is the base of the heart situated?
What is located in the base? - upward toward the head, more posterior than the apex
atria are located in the base
How is the apex of the heart situated?
What is located in the apex? - downward and left, rotated slightly to the left
lower portion of the left ventricle
Is the right ventricle anterior or posterior to the left ventricle? - Anterior
What is the crux of the heart? - junction of the atrial and ventricular septums
What is levocardia? - normal axis of the heart
apex pointed to left side
What is levoposition? - heart located on left side of chest
NORMAL POSITION OF HEART
What is dextrocardia? - heart is pointed toward right side of chest
What is dextroposition? - heart located in right side of chest with apex pointing to the left
, What is extreme levocardia? - heart is located very lateral on left side of chest
Associated with congenital heart disease
What is mesocardia? - heart located in middle of chest with apex pointing midline
Is the IAS a thin wall of tissue or muscular? - thin wall of tissue
found between atriums
Is the IVS a thin wall of tissue or muscular? - muscular
found between ventricles
Define PAPILLARY MUSCLES
HOW ARE THEY CONNECTED? - muscles attached to each leaflet of the atrioventricular valves
connected to valves by the chordae tendinae
What two valves are the atrioventricular valves? - Mitral Valve and Tricuspid Valve
Which AV valve has a papillary muscle on the septum? - Tricuspid Valve
Define CHORDAE TENDINAE - fibrous strands connecting papillary muscles to the leaflet
Multiple strands are attached to each leaflet
Define TRABECULATIONS - series of muscular ridges connected in a chaotic fashion on inner surface
of each ventricle
Which ventricle has more pronounced trabeculations? - Right Ventricle
