Biology 1100 Midterm 1 Exam Solved
acid - ANSWER-substance that donates hydrogen ions and therefore lowers pH
activation energy - ANSWER-amount of energy necessary for reactions to occur
active site - ANSWER-site on the enzyme where the substrate binds
active transport - ANSWER-method of transporting material that requires energy
adhesion - ANSWER-attraction between water molecules and molecules of a different
substance
allosteric inhibition - ANSWER-mechanism for inhibiting enzyme action in which a
regulatory molecule binds to a second side and initiates a conformation change in the
active site, preventing binding with the substrate
amino acid - ANSWER-monomer of a protein
anabolic - ANSWER-describes the pathway that requires a net energy input to
synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones
anion - ANSWER-negative ion formed by gaining electrons
applied science - ANSWER-form of science that solves real-world problems
atom - ANSWER-basic unit of matter that cannot be broken down by normal chemical
reactions
atomic number - ANSWER-number of protons in an atom
ATP - ANSWER-cell's current energy currency
autotroph - ANSWER-organism capable of producing its own food
base - ANSWER-substance that absorbs hydrogen ions and therefore raises pH (think
basic)
basic science - ANSWER-science that seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the
short-term application of that knowledge
biology - ANSWER-study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and
their environments
biosphere - ANSWER-collection of all ecosystems on Earth
, buffer - ANSWER-solution that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing
hydrogen or hydroxide ions
calvin cycle - ANSWER-reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by light-
dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules
carbohydrate - ANSWER-biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to
hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural
support in cells
catabolic - ANSWER-describes the pathway in which complex molecules are broken
down into simpler ones, yielding energy as an additional product of the reaction
cation - ANSWER-positive ion formed by losing electrons
cell - ANSWER-smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things
cell wall - ANSWER-rigid cell covering made of cellulose in plants that provides
structural support and gives shape to cell
cellulose - ANSWER-polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides
structural support to the cell
central vacuole - ANSWER-large plant cell organelle that acts as storage compartment,
water reservoir, and site of macromolecule degradation
chemical bond - ANSWER-interaction between two or more of the same or different
elements that results in the formation of molecules
chemiosmosis - ANSWER-movement of hydrogen ions down their electrochemical
gradient across a membrane through ATP synthase to generate ATP
chitin - ANSWER-type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of insects and the
cell walls of fungi
chlorophyll a - ANSWER-form of chlorophyll that absorbs violet-blue and red light
chlorophyll b - ANSWER-form of chlorophyll that absorbs blue and red-orange light
chloroplast - ANSWER-organelle where photosynthesis takes place
chloroplast - ANSWER-plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis
cilia - ANSWER-short, hair-like structure that extends from the plasma membrane in
large numbers and used to move cell
acid - ANSWER-substance that donates hydrogen ions and therefore lowers pH
activation energy - ANSWER-amount of energy necessary for reactions to occur
active site - ANSWER-site on the enzyme where the substrate binds
active transport - ANSWER-method of transporting material that requires energy
adhesion - ANSWER-attraction between water molecules and molecules of a different
substance
allosteric inhibition - ANSWER-mechanism for inhibiting enzyme action in which a
regulatory molecule binds to a second side and initiates a conformation change in the
active site, preventing binding with the substrate
amino acid - ANSWER-monomer of a protein
anabolic - ANSWER-describes the pathway that requires a net energy input to
synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones
anion - ANSWER-negative ion formed by gaining electrons
applied science - ANSWER-form of science that solves real-world problems
atom - ANSWER-basic unit of matter that cannot be broken down by normal chemical
reactions
atomic number - ANSWER-number of protons in an atom
ATP - ANSWER-cell's current energy currency
autotroph - ANSWER-organism capable of producing its own food
base - ANSWER-substance that absorbs hydrogen ions and therefore raises pH (think
basic)
basic science - ANSWER-science that seeks to expand knowledge regardless of the
short-term application of that knowledge
biology - ANSWER-study of living organisms and their interactions with one another and
their environments
biosphere - ANSWER-collection of all ecosystems on Earth
, buffer - ANSWER-solution that resists a change in pH by absorbing or releasing
hydrogen or hydroxide ions
calvin cycle - ANSWER-reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by light-
dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules
carbohydrate - ANSWER-biological macromolecule in which the ratio of carbon to
hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1; carbohydrates serve as energy sources and structural
support in cells
catabolic - ANSWER-describes the pathway in which complex molecules are broken
down into simpler ones, yielding energy as an additional product of the reaction
cation - ANSWER-positive ion formed by losing electrons
cell - ANSWER-smallest fundamental unit of structure and function in living things
cell wall - ANSWER-rigid cell covering made of cellulose in plants that provides
structural support and gives shape to cell
cellulose - ANSWER-polysaccharide that makes up the cell walls of plants and provides
structural support to the cell
central vacuole - ANSWER-large plant cell organelle that acts as storage compartment,
water reservoir, and site of macromolecule degradation
chemical bond - ANSWER-interaction between two or more of the same or different
elements that results in the formation of molecules
chemiosmosis - ANSWER-movement of hydrogen ions down their electrochemical
gradient across a membrane through ATP synthase to generate ATP
chitin - ANSWER-type of carbohydrate that forms the outer skeleton of insects and the
cell walls of fungi
chlorophyll a - ANSWER-form of chlorophyll that absorbs violet-blue and red light
chlorophyll b - ANSWER-form of chlorophyll that absorbs blue and red-orange light
chloroplast - ANSWER-organelle where photosynthesis takes place
chloroplast - ANSWER-plant cell organelle that carries out photosynthesis
cilia - ANSWER-short, hair-like structure that extends from the plasma membrane in
large numbers and used to move cell
