Biology 1100 Final Exam Review with
Complete Solutions
define allele - ANSWER-different versions of a gene at a given locus
define biotechnology - ANSWER-the use and alteration of organisms, cells, or biological
molecules to produce food, drugs or other goods
define chromosome - ANSWER-consists of DNA together with proteins that organize its
3D structure and regulate use
define energy - ANSWER-capacity to do work
define entropy - ANSWER-disorder in a system in inevitable
define gene - ANSWER-encode the information needed to produce proteins, cells, and
entire organisms
define locus - ANSWER-a gene's physical location on a chromosome
define science - ANSWER-the systematic inquiry, through observation and experiment,
into the origins and structures and behaviors of our living and nonliving surroundings
define transgenic/GMOs - ANSWER-plants or animals that contain DNA that has been
modified or derived from other species
describe an endergonic reaction - ANSWER-put energy in
describe an exergonic reaction - ANSWER-energy released
describe competitive inhibition - ANSWER-
describe noncompetitive inhibition - ANSWER-
describe the 3 steps of DNA replication - ANSWER-1. parental DNA unwinds with DNA
helicase
2. DNA polymerase matches complimentary base pairs with the DNA strand (moves 3'
to 5')
3. each new helix has one parental and one daughter strand
describe the breakdown of pyruvate. what are the products? - ANSWER-2 pyruvate +
CoA + NAD+ → 2 acetyl CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH
describe the deletion mutation - ANSWER-
, describe the inputs and outputs of the kreb's cycle - ANSWER-2 acetyl CoA → 2 CoA, 4
CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
describe the insertion mutation - ANSWER-
describe the inversion mutation - ANSWER-
describe the pH scale - ANSWER-
describe the process of dehydration synthesis - ANSWER-
describe the process of glycolysis. what are the products? - ANSWER-1 glucose + 2
ATP → fructose biphosphate → 2 G3P → 2 pyruvate, net 2 ATP, 2 NADH
describe the process of hydrolysis - ANSWER-
describe the process of the ETC/chemiosmosis. what are the products? - ANSWER-
H2O, 32 ATP
describe the process of translation - ANSWER-
describe the three steps of trancription - ANSWER-1. RNA polymerase binds to start
codon
2. RNA polymerase travels down DNA matching complimentary pairs with free
nucleotides
3. transcription stops at stop codon and RNA polymerase and mRNA detach
describe the translocation mutation - ANSWER-
explain the difference between experimental, observational and comparative methods of
science - ANSWER-experimental is a test, observational is through watching,
comparative is comparing two things
how are mutations prevented? - ANSWER-through semiconservative replication and
exonuclease that fixes mistakes
how are traits inherited? - ANSWER-through the genes of both parents
how can energy be transformed during chemical reactions? - ANSWER-energy
conversions result in a loss of energy
how can molecular profiles identify individuals? - ANSWER-through STRs (specific
segments of DNA used to identify people)
the gov't uses a standard set of 13 STRs that have higher variable numbers of repeats
in different people
Complete Solutions
define allele - ANSWER-different versions of a gene at a given locus
define biotechnology - ANSWER-the use and alteration of organisms, cells, or biological
molecules to produce food, drugs or other goods
define chromosome - ANSWER-consists of DNA together with proteins that organize its
3D structure and regulate use
define energy - ANSWER-capacity to do work
define entropy - ANSWER-disorder in a system in inevitable
define gene - ANSWER-encode the information needed to produce proteins, cells, and
entire organisms
define locus - ANSWER-a gene's physical location on a chromosome
define science - ANSWER-the systematic inquiry, through observation and experiment,
into the origins and structures and behaviors of our living and nonliving surroundings
define transgenic/GMOs - ANSWER-plants or animals that contain DNA that has been
modified or derived from other species
describe an endergonic reaction - ANSWER-put energy in
describe an exergonic reaction - ANSWER-energy released
describe competitive inhibition - ANSWER-
describe noncompetitive inhibition - ANSWER-
describe the 3 steps of DNA replication - ANSWER-1. parental DNA unwinds with DNA
helicase
2. DNA polymerase matches complimentary base pairs with the DNA strand (moves 3'
to 5')
3. each new helix has one parental and one daughter strand
describe the breakdown of pyruvate. what are the products? - ANSWER-2 pyruvate +
CoA + NAD+ → 2 acetyl CoA, 2 CO2, 2 NADH
describe the deletion mutation - ANSWER-
, describe the inputs and outputs of the kreb's cycle - ANSWER-2 acetyl CoA → 2 CoA, 4
CO2, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2
describe the insertion mutation - ANSWER-
describe the inversion mutation - ANSWER-
describe the pH scale - ANSWER-
describe the process of dehydration synthesis - ANSWER-
describe the process of glycolysis. what are the products? - ANSWER-1 glucose + 2
ATP → fructose biphosphate → 2 G3P → 2 pyruvate, net 2 ATP, 2 NADH
describe the process of hydrolysis - ANSWER-
describe the process of the ETC/chemiosmosis. what are the products? - ANSWER-
H2O, 32 ATP
describe the process of translation - ANSWER-
describe the three steps of trancription - ANSWER-1. RNA polymerase binds to start
codon
2. RNA polymerase travels down DNA matching complimentary pairs with free
nucleotides
3. transcription stops at stop codon and RNA polymerase and mRNA detach
describe the translocation mutation - ANSWER-
explain the difference between experimental, observational and comparative methods of
science - ANSWER-experimental is a test, observational is through watching,
comparative is comparing two things
how are mutations prevented? - ANSWER-through semiconservative replication and
exonuclease that fixes mistakes
how are traits inherited? - ANSWER-through the genes of both parents
how can energy be transformed during chemical reactions? - ANSWER-energy
conversions result in a loss of energy
how can molecular profiles identify individuals? - ANSWER-through STRs (specific
segments of DNA used to identify people)
the gov't uses a standard set of 13 STRs that have higher variable numbers of repeats
in different people
