PHM 520 Final Exam Practice Actual Questions And
Verified Detailed Answers
what type of reactions are the most common cause of drug incompatibility and why? -
Answer acid-base reactions because precipitation of nonionized drug forms
approximately how many commonly used drugs are incompatible or unstable when
added or combined with usual fluids or agents?
a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 70% - Answer b. 30%
an undesirable reaction occurring between a drug and a container, solution, or another
drug is called? - Answer incompatibility
alteration of drug effect due to the influence of another substance is called? - Answer
drug interactions
where do interactions occur? - Answer inside the body
where does incompatibility occur? - Answer in a fluid contianer or infusion line
are interactions or are incompatibilities visible? - Answer incompatibilities
what type of incompatibility results from the modification of pharmacological effect from
prior concomitant administration of other drugs? - Answer therapeutic incompatibilty
,what mechanism of therapeutic incompatibility involves the effect of a drug on another
from the point of view of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion? - Answer
pharmacokinetic
what mechanism of therapeutic incompatibility is related to pharmacological activity of
the interacting drugs such as synergism/antagonism? - Answer pharmacodynamic
pharmacodynamic is what the _______ does to the _______ - Answer drug, body
pharmacokinetic is what the _______ does to the ________ - Answer body, drug
an interaction that results in change in color, odor, taste, viscosity, and morphology is
what type of incompatibility? - Answer physical incompatibility
physical incompatibilities usually refer to? - Answer precipitation or phase separation
what are factors responsible for physical incompatibility? - Answer pH value and buffer
capacity, solubility and precipitation, complex formation, adsorption
what effect will ingestion of antacids over a period of 24 hours have on urinary pH? -
Answer increase pH
are acidic drugs excreted faster or slower when urinary pH is alkaline? - Answer faster
acidic drugs will diffuse back into the blood from the urine when the urine is acidic or
alkaline? - Answer acidic
interactions between ionized drugs will form _______ with _______ charges - Answer
complexes, reduced
,cation-anion interactions result in? - Answer formation of relatively insoluble precipitate
ion pair formation results in? - Answer burying of charges
what is the interaction between a metal atom or ion and another species called? -
Answer chelation
the attachment of a molecule to a surface is called? - Answer adsorption
what type of incompatibility results in change in chemical properties of pharmaceutical
dosage form? - Answer chemical incompatibility
hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemization are types of what incompatibility? -
Answer chemical
which types of solubilization methods use a means of entrapment?
a) complexation
b) micellar
c) hydrotrophy
d) a and b
e) all of the above - Answer *d) a and b
which of the following expresses the number of moles of solute in 1 kg of solvent?
a) molarity (M)
b) molality (m)
, c) normality (N)
d) mole fraction - Answer *b) molality (m)
a is incorrect because molarity expresses the number of moles of solute in 1 liter of
SOLUTION
c is wrong because it expresses the number of equivalents of solute in 1 liter of solution
d is wrong because it expresses the ratio of moles of constituent to total moles
driving force in drug movement in aqueous diffusion model:
a) active transport
b) facilitated transport
c) concentration gradient
d) all of the above - Answer *c) concentration gradient
which are most likely to diffuse across membranes:
a) charged drugs
b) ionized drugs
c) polar drugs
d) non-ionized drugs - Answer *d) non-ionized drugs
a, b, and c are all hydrophilic and are not as likely to cross the membrane since
membrane permeability favors more lipophilic drugs
which equation describes change in concentration with time at a specific location by
Verified Detailed Answers
what type of reactions are the most common cause of drug incompatibility and why? -
Answer acid-base reactions because precipitation of nonionized drug forms
approximately how many commonly used drugs are incompatible or unstable when
added or combined with usual fluids or agents?
a. 10%
b. 30%
c. 50%
d. 70% - Answer b. 30%
an undesirable reaction occurring between a drug and a container, solution, or another
drug is called? - Answer incompatibility
alteration of drug effect due to the influence of another substance is called? - Answer
drug interactions
where do interactions occur? - Answer inside the body
where does incompatibility occur? - Answer in a fluid contianer or infusion line
are interactions or are incompatibilities visible? - Answer incompatibilities
what type of incompatibility results from the modification of pharmacological effect from
prior concomitant administration of other drugs? - Answer therapeutic incompatibilty
,what mechanism of therapeutic incompatibility involves the effect of a drug on another
from the point of view of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion? - Answer
pharmacokinetic
what mechanism of therapeutic incompatibility is related to pharmacological activity of
the interacting drugs such as synergism/antagonism? - Answer pharmacodynamic
pharmacodynamic is what the _______ does to the _______ - Answer drug, body
pharmacokinetic is what the _______ does to the ________ - Answer body, drug
an interaction that results in change in color, odor, taste, viscosity, and morphology is
what type of incompatibility? - Answer physical incompatibility
physical incompatibilities usually refer to? - Answer precipitation or phase separation
what are factors responsible for physical incompatibility? - Answer pH value and buffer
capacity, solubility and precipitation, complex formation, adsorption
what effect will ingestion of antacids over a period of 24 hours have on urinary pH? -
Answer increase pH
are acidic drugs excreted faster or slower when urinary pH is alkaline? - Answer faster
acidic drugs will diffuse back into the blood from the urine when the urine is acidic or
alkaline? - Answer acidic
interactions between ionized drugs will form _______ with _______ charges - Answer
complexes, reduced
,cation-anion interactions result in? - Answer formation of relatively insoluble precipitate
ion pair formation results in? - Answer burying of charges
what is the interaction between a metal atom or ion and another species called? -
Answer chelation
the attachment of a molecule to a surface is called? - Answer adsorption
what type of incompatibility results in change in chemical properties of pharmaceutical
dosage form? - Answer chemical incompatibility
hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, racemization are types of what incompatibility? -
Answer chemical
which types of solubilization methods use a means of entrapment?
a) complexation
b) micellar
c) hydrotrophy
d) a and b
e) all of the above - Answer *d) a and b
which of the following expresses the number of moles of solute in 1 kg of solvent?
a) molarity (M)
b) molality (m)
, c) normality (N)
d) mole fraction - Answer *b) molality (m)
a is incorrect because molarity expresses the number of moles of solute in 1 liter of
SOLUTION
c is wrong because it expresses the number of equivalents of solute in 1 liter of solution
d is wrong because it expresses the ratio of moles of constituent to total moles
driving force in drug movement in aqueous diffusion model:
a) active transport
b) facilitated transport
c) concentration gradient
d) all of the above - Answer *c) concentration gradient
which are most likely to diffuse across membranes:
a) charged drugs
b) ionized drugs
c) polar drugs
d) non-ionized drugs - Answer *d) non-ionized drugs
a, b, and c are all hydrophilic and are not as likely to cross the membrane since
membrane permeability favors more lipophilic drugs
which equation describes change in concentration with time at a specific location by
