NU 334 Exam 1 Guide With
Complete Solution
Psychopath - ANSWER mentally ill or unstable person, especially one
showing aggressive antisocial behavior
Now called antisocial personality disorder
Mental Health - ANSWER The successful adaptation to stressors from internal
and external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings and behaviors
-age appropriate
-congruent with local and cultural norms
Mental illness - ANSWER A non successful adaptation to the stressors from
the internal and external environment
Horwitz - ANSWER
Cultural relativism - ANSWER the practice of judging a culture by its own
standards
Erikson - ANSWER Claims that stress/ conflicts occur within each stage of
development
Psychoanalytic - ANSWER Stress occurs with libidinal issues associated with
each development
Frued's Theory - ANSWER Psycho sexual begins as an infant
Attachment theory - ANSWER Stress occurs when successful attachment does
,not occurs during childhood
Genetic Model - ANSWER Adaptation to stress impeded as a result of genetic
composition
Physiologic - ANSWER Adaption to stress impeded when pathophysiological
events occur within the body
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs: - ANSWER Stress occurs when basic needs
unmet
What is a Stressor? - ANSWER State of disequilibrium/disharmony between
stress and coping abilities(paraphrased)
Physiologic
Environmental
Cultural
Change/even fear of change
Self-actualization - ANSWER as fulfillment of one's highest potential
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) - ANSWER Holmes and Rahe's
measure of stress, which ranks 43 life events from most to least stressful and
assigns a point value to each.
Lazarus - ANSWER Lazarus stated that cognitive appraisal occurs when a
person considers two major factors that contribute in his response to stress.
These two factors include:
1.The threatening tendency of the stress to the individual, and
2. The assessment of resources required to minimize, tolerate or eradicate
,the stressor and the stress it produces. * Precursor to CBT
Physical Responses to Stress - ANSWER -increased heart rate and blood
pressure
-rush of adrenaline
-trembling, sweating, rapid breathing
-adrenal glands produce cortisol and adrenaline
-pupils dilate
-circulatory system produces blood-clotting factor
-digestive system slows and liver releases glucose into bloodstream
The General Adaptation Syndrome - ANSWER Stage 1: Alarm Upon
encountering a stressor, body reacts with "fight-or-flight" response and
sympathetic nervous system is activated. Hormones such as cortisol and
adrenalin released into the bloodstream to meet the threat or danger.The
body's resources now mobilized.
Stage 2: Resistance Parasympathetic nervous system returns many
physiological functions to normal levels while body focuses resources against
the stressor. Blood glucose levels remain high, cortisol and adrenalin
continue to circulate at elevated levels, but outward appearance of organism
seems normal. Increase HR, BP, breathingBody remains on red alert.
Stage 3: Exhaustion If stressor continues beyond body's capacity, organism
exhausts resources and becomes susceptible to disease and leads to fatigue,
burn out, depression, anxiety, decreased stress tolerance, worsening of
psychiatric symptoms
, When are the physiologic stages of the fight or flight system initiated? -
ANSWER During the Alarm Reaction stage of the general adaption theory
Anxiety: Peplau + - ANSWER
Mild anxiety - ANSWER Mild anxietyis a positive state of heightened
awareness, alertness and sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new
behaviors and solve problems. The person can take in all available stimuli
(perceptual field).
-Associated with daily life
-Allows for thoughts that are logical; client is able to concentrate
-Clients can appear calm and in control
Moderate anxiety - ANSWER Moderate anxiety involves a decreased
perceptual field (focus on immediate task only); the person can learn new
behavior or solve problems, but not as easily. Another person can redirect
the person to the task.
-Continues to motivate learning
-Can still be attentive and focus, but not optimal
-Dulls perceptions of sensory stimuli
-Client becomes hesitant
-Dull perceptions may cause client's speech rate and volume to increase; may
Complete Solution
Psychopath - ANSWER mentally ill or unstable person, especially one
showing aggressive antisocial behavior
Now called antisocial personality disorder
Mental Health - ANSWER The successful adaptation to stressors from internal
and external environment, evidenced by thoughts, feelings and behaviors
-age appropriate
-congruent with local and cultural norms
Mental illness - ANSWER A non successful adaptation to the stressors from
the internal and external environment
Horwitz - ANSWER
Cultural relativism - ANSWER the practice of judging a culture by its own
standards
Erikson - ANSWER Claims that stress/ conflicts occur within each stage of
development
Psychoanalytic - ANSWER Stress occurs with libidinal issues associated with
each development
Frued's Theory - ANSWER Psycho sexual begins as an infant
Attachment theory - ANSWER Stress occurs when successful attachment does
,not occurs during childhood
Genetic Model - ANSWER Adaptation to stress impeded as a result of genetic
composition
Physiologic - ANSWER Adaption to stress impeded when pathophysiological
events occur within the body
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs: - ANSWER Stress occurs when basic needs
unmet
What is a Stressor? - ANSWER State of disequilibrium/disharmony between
stress and coping abilities(paraphrased)
Physiologic
Environmental
Cultural
Change/even fear of change
Self-actualization - ANSWER as fulfillment of one's highest potential
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) - ANSWER Holmes and Rahe's
measure of stress, which ranks 43 life events from most to least stressful and
assigns a point value to each.
Lazarus - ANSWER Lazarus stated that cognitive appraisal occurs when a
person considers two major factors that contribute in his response to stress.
These two factors include:
1.The threatening tendency of the stress to the individual, and
2. The assessment of resources required to minimize, tolerate or eradicate
,the stressor and the stress it produces. * Precursor to CBT
Physical Responses to Stress - ANSWER -increased heart rate and blood
pressure
-rush of adrenaline
-trembling, sweating, rapid breathing
-adrenal glands produce cortisol and adrenaline
-pupils dilate
-circulatory system produces blood-clotting factor
-digestive system slows and liver releases glucose into bloodstream
The General Adaptation Syndrome - ANSWER Stage 1: Alarm Upon
encountering a stressor, body reacts with "fight-or-flight" response and
sympathetic nervous system is activated. Hormones such as cortisol and
adrenalin released into the bloodstream to meet the threat or danger.The
body's resources now mobilized.
Stage 2: Resistance Parasympathetic nervous system returns many
physiological functions to normal levels while body focuses resources against
the stressor. Blood glucose levels remain high, cortisol and adrenalin
continue to circulate at elevated levels, but outward appearance of organism
seems normal. Increase HR, BP, breathingBody remains on red alert.
Stage 3: Exhaustion If stressor continues beyond body's capacity, organism
exhausts resources and becomes susceptible to disease and leads to fatigue,
burn out, depression, anxiety, decreased stress tolerance, worsening of
psychiatric symptoms
, When are the physiologic stages of the fight or flight system initiated? -
ANSWER During the Alarm Reaction stage of the general adaption theory
Anxiety: Peplau + - ANSWER
Mild anxiety - ANSWER Mild anxietyis a positive state of heightened
awareness, alertness and sharpened senses, allowing the person to learn new
behaviors and solve problems. The person can take in all available stimuli
(perceptual field).
-Associated with daily life
-Allows for thoughts that are logical; client is able to concentrate
-Clients can appear calm and in control
Moderate anxiety - ANSWER Moderate anxiety involves a decreased
perceptual field (focus on immediate task only); the person can learn new
behavior or solve problems, but not as easily. Another person can redirect
the person to the task.
-Continues to motivate learning
-Can still be attentive and focus, but not optimal
-Dulls perceptions of sensory stimuli
-Client becomes hesitant
-Dull perceptions may cause client's speech rate and volume to increase; may
