BIO 251 Quiz 6 Simplified Questions with Answers
100% Correct
3' - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -DNA polymerases can add new nucleotides to the _____ end
only
5' and 3' - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -ends of RNA and DNA. 5' carbon bonds to its own
phosphate and 3' carbon bonds to oxygen in another nucleotide
5', 3' - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -RNA is synthesized in the _____ to _____ direction
64, 20 - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -there are _____ possible codons but only _____ amino
acids
acid vs base - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -<7 and increases H+ concentration
>7 and lowers H+ concentration with hydroxide ions
actin filaments - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -structure: actin monomers
function: responsible for cell movement and transportation of organelles
adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -a trait that increases fitness in a particular environment
adhesion - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -h2o sticks to another surface (ex. meniscus)
Aerobic Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Definition: Oxygen-requiring pathway of
ATP formation by splitting glucose or another organic compound
After Glycosis, If oxygen present... - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Two molecules of pyruvic acid
enter the citric acid cycle: Matrix reactions
,Takes place in mitochondria
Citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
Produce a lot of ATP
allosteric regulation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -molecule binds at different location on
enzyme and changes its shape
alpha and beta glucose - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ --OH lower in alpha and OH higher in beta
in ring structure
Ames test - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -the test that uses bacteria as carcinogen indicators
amino acid structure - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -amino group, hydrogen, carboxylic acid
group, variable group
amino acids (monomers)
chain (polymer) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -primary structure, 20 different ones
amino + carboxyl+ hydroxyl+ R group hydroxyl= ionized no H is ionized
amino group - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -NH2 (amine)
Anaerobic Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -After Glyosis, if no Oxygen Present,
NADH+H+ used to convert each pyruvic acid to lactic acid
Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the
nuclear spindle, Chromatids Separate.
,Anaphase - Promoting Complex ( Cyclosome)(APC/C) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Triggers
anaphase
-Doesnt directly act on cohesin, but rather acts by marking a protein called securin for
destruction. The securin protein acts as an inhibitor of another protease called separase that
appears to be specific for the cohesin complex. Once inhibition has been lifted, separase destroys
cohesin.
-The APC/C has a number of roles in mitosis:
1.) It activates the protease that removes the cohesins holding sister chromatids together
2.) It is necessary for the destruction of mitotic cyclins to drive the cell out of mitosis
3.) It marks proteins for destruction by the proteosome, the organelle responsible for the
controlled degradation of proteins.
4.)The signal to degrade a protein is the addition of a molecule called ubiquitin, and the APC/C
acts as an ubuquitin ligase.
anticodon - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -each tRNA molecule has an _____, a sequence of three
bases that is complementary to a codon
artificial selection - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -humans use _____ _____ to select desirable
breeds of animals or strains of plants to cultivate
atomic number - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -# of protons
AUG - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -what is the codon that initiates synthesis of the protein
molecule?
, Basal body - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -structure that anchors the flagellum
base pairing - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -held together by H bonds
base subsitution - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -a mutation in which a single base at one point in
the DNA sequence is replaced with a different base
base substitution - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -when new DNA is being made and the wrong
base is used. Missence if an amino acid is produced but it is the wrong amino acid. If it occurs in
the Intron then it doesnt matter
Before Citric Acid Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Before the carbon chains can enter citric
acid cycle
Converted to acetyl-CoA
For each pyruvic acid: one C lost as CO2, one NADH+H+ produced
Total of: two CO2, and two NADH+H+
from this reaction
binomial nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -genus (capitalized), species (lower case)
buffer - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -protects again pH changes (homeostasis)
Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Unrestrained, Uncontrolled growth of cells in humans
leads to, Disease of cell division (failure of cell division control)
carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -carbonyl (C=O), hydroxyl, carbon hydro bonds
carbonyl group - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -COOH (aldehyde)
100% Correct
3' - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -DNA polymerases can add new nucleotides to the _____ end
only
5' and 3' - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -ends of RNA and DNA. 5' carbon bonds to its own
phosphate and 3' carbon bonds to oxygen in another nucleotide
5', 3' - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -RNA is synthesized in the _____ to _____ direction
64, 20 - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -there are _____ possible codons but only _____ amino
acids
acid vs base - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -<7 and increases H+ concentration
>7 and lowers H+ concentration with hydroxide ions
actin filaments - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -structure: actin monomers
function: responsible for cell movement and transportation of organelles
adaptation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -a trait that increases fitness in a particular environment
adhesion - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -h2o sticks to another surface (ex. meniscus)
Aerobic Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Definition: Oxygen-requiring pathway of
ATP formation by splitting glucose or another organic compound
After Glycosis, If oxygen present... - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Two molecules of pyruvic acid
enter the citric acid cycle: Matrix reactions
,Takes place in mitochondria
Citric acid cycle and electron transport chain
Produce a lot of ATP
allosteric regulation - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -molecule binds at different location on
enzyme and changes its shape
alpha and beta glucose - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ --OH lower in alpha and OH higher in beta
in ring structure
Ames test - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -the test that uses bacteria as carcinogen indicators
amino acid structure - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -amino group, hydrogen, carboxylic acid
group, variable group
amino acids (monomers)
chain (polymer) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -primary structure, 20 different ones
amino + carboxyl+ hydroxyl+ R group hydroxyl= ionized no H is ionized
amino group - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -NH2 (amine)
Anaerobic Respiration - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -After Glyosis, if no Oxygen Present,
NADH+H+ used to convert each pyruvic acid to lactic acid
Anaphase - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Chromosomes move toward opposite ends of the
nuclear spindle, Chromatids Separate.
,Anaphase - Promoting Complex ( Cyclosome)(APC/C) - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Triggers
anaphase
-Doesnt directly act on cohesin, but rather acts by marking a protein called securin for
destruction. The securin protein acts as an inhibitor of another protease called separase that
appears to be specific for the cohesin complex. Once inhibition has been lifted, separase destroys
cohesin.
-The APC/C has a number of roles in mitosis:
1.) It activates the protease that removes the cohesins holding sister chromatids together
2.) It is necessary for the destruction of mitotic cyclins to drive the cell out of mitosis
3.) It marks proteins for destruction by the proteosome, the organelle responsible for the
controlled degradation of proteins.
4.)The signal to degrade a protein is the addition of a molecule called ubiquitin, and the APC/C
acts as an ubuquitin ligase.
anticodon - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -each tRNA molecule has an _____, a sequence of three
bases that is complementary to a codon
artificial selection - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -humans use _____ _____ to select desirable
breeds of animals or strains of plants to cultivate
atomic number - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -# of protons
AUG - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -what is the codon that initiates synthesis of the protein
molecule?
, Basal body - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -structure that anchors the flagellum
base pairing - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -held together by H bonds
base subsitution - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -a mutation in which a single base at one point in
the DNA sequence is replaced with a different base
base substitution - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -when new DNA is being made and the wrong
base is used. Missence if an amino acid is produced but it is the wrong amino acid. If it occurs in
the Intron then it doesnt matter
Before Citric Acid Cycle - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Before the carbon chains can enter citric
acid cycle
Converted to acetyl-CoA
For each pyruvic acid: one C lost as CO2, one NADH+H+ produced
Total of: two CO2, and two NADH+H+
from this reaction
binomial nomenclature - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -genus (capitalized), species (lower case)
buffer - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -protects again pH changes (homeostasis)
Cancer - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -Unrestrained, Uncontrolled growth of cells in humans
leads to, Disease of cell division (failure of cell division control)
carbohydrate - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -carbonyl (C=O), hydroxyl, carbon hydro bonds
carbonyl group - CORRECT ANSWER ✔✔ -COOH (aldehyde)
