NURS 617 PHARM EXAM 1, 2 AND
FINAL EXAM LATEST VERSIONS
(JEAN GENZALE
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS
Pharmacodynamics - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-The process by which a
medication works on the body.
Pharmacokinetics - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-The process by which drugs
are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and
excreted.
Pharmacogenomics - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-The study of the influence
of genetic factors on drug response that result in the absence,
overabundance, or insufficiency of drug-metabolizing enzymes
Medication side effect - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-a nearly unavoidable
secondary effect of a drug produced at therapeutic doses which is
generally predictable and with an intensity that is dose-dependent
Adverse Effect - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A drug-induced, secondary
effect of a drug that produces a change in a patients condition
that is noxious, harmful or unpleasant, which requires treatment
or reduction or discontinuation of the drug and which usually
occurs at therapeutic doses.
Type A adverse drug reactions - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-exaggerated,
but otherwise expected pharmacological effect of a drug ->
,predictable and dose dependent -> ex. toxicity of overdose, side
effects, secondary effects, drug interactions
Type B adverse drug reactions - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-idiosyncratic
effects (not expected) -> dose independent and unpredictable ->
intolerance, hypersensitivity, pseudo allergic, idiosyncratic
Drug tolerance - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-the tendency for larger doses
of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect
Physical drug dependence - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-condition where a
person's body becomes unable to function normally without a
particular drug
Psychological dependence - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-a condition in
which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel
good or to function normally
Allergic reaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-An immunologic
hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual sensitivity of a
patient to a particular medication; a type of adverse drug event.
Idiosyncratic or paradoxical reaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-When a
drug may cause a totally unexpected and often opposite effect in
a few patients
Carcinogenic reaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-medications and
environmental chemicals that are thought to cause cancer
Teratogenic reaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Refers to the drug
induced damage that develops in the fetus
,Beneficial potentiative drug-drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
Aspirin and Codeine are both analgesic drugs and when
administered concurrently the combo provides better pain relief
than either one alone. What type of drug interaction is this?
Beneficial Potentiative Drug-Drug Interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
Use of Beta Blockers and Diuretics together for hypertension will
provide better control blood pressure. What type of drug
interaction is this?
Harmful potentiative Drug-Drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
Use of diazepam together with Morphine will have additive CNS
depression and could lead to respiratory distress. What type of
drug interaction is this?
Harmful potentiative Drug-Drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
Concurrent use of aspirin with Coumadin will significantly increase
each others inhibitory effects on blood coagulation, resulting in an
increase risk for bleeding. What type of drug interaction is this?
Beneficial inhibitory drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Use of
Naloxone after an overdose of Meperidine is an example of what
type of drug interaction?
Beneficial inhibitory drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Giving
Protamine when there is excessive bleeding from overdose of
Heparin is an example of what type of drug interaction?
Harmful inhibitory drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Giving
Naloxone to a patient who is physically dependent to Morphine
will reverse Morphines effects provoking an acute withdrawal
syndrome. What type of drug interaction is this?
, Harmful inhibitory drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
Administering loperamide and Milk of Magnesia together will
cancel each others actions producing no benefit for the patient
either way. What type of drug interaction is this?
Harmful inhibitory drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Injecting
NPH insulin into a bottle of regular insulin causing a precipitate
and inactivation of the regular insulin is an example of what type
of drug interaction?
Pharmacokinetic Drug interctions - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-type of drug-
drug interaction that occurs when the pharmacokinetics of one
drug alter the clinical effects of another drug by altering its
pharmacokinetics
Thiazide Diuretics - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-act in the distal tubule to
block the reabsorption of the filtered load of NaCl from the
nephron back to the blood. They have a natriuretic effect and
promote renal excretion of sodium and water. The amount of
water in the blood is then decreased which decreases stroke
volume and cardiac output therefore decreasing blood pressure.
Thiazide diuretics - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Very effective in AA and salt
sensitive types of hypertension
Thiazide Diuretics - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-BP medication that
commonly causes hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and
hypochoremia
Thiazides increase serum glucose and cause hyperglycemia, they
also impair the release of insulin by the pancreas and inhibit
tissue utilization of insulin - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Which BP
medications should not be used in diabetics, or used with extreme
caution?
FINAL EXAM LATEST VERSIONS
(JEAN GENZALE
PHARMACOTHERAPEUTICS
Pharmacodynamics - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-The process by which a
medication works on the body.
Pharmacokinetics - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-The process by which drugs
are absorbed, distributed within the body, metabolized, and
excreted.
Pharmacogenomics - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-The study of the influence
of genetic factors on drug response that result in the absence,
overabundance, or insufficiency of drug-metabolizing enzymes
Medication side effect - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-a nearly unavoidable
secondary effect of a drug produced at therapeutic doses which is
generally predictable and with an intensity that is dose-dependent
Adverse Effect - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-A drug-induced, secondary
effect of a drug that produces a change in a patients condition
that is noxious, harmful or unpleasant, which requires treatment
or reduction or discontinuation of the drug and which usually
occurs at therapeutic doses.
Type A adverse drug reactions - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-exaggerated,
but otherwise expected pharmacological effect of a drug ->
,predictable and dose dependent -> ex. toxicity of overdose, side
effects, secondary effects, drug interactions
Type B adverse drug reactions - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-idiosyncratic
effects (not expected) -> dose independent and unpredictable ->
intolerance, hypersensitivity, pseudo allergic, idiosyncratic
Drug tolerance - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-the tendency for larger doses
of a drug to be required over time to achieve the same effect
Physical drug dependence - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-condition where a
person's body becomes unable to function normally without a
particular drug
Psychological dependence - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-a condition in
which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel
good or to function normally
Allergic reaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-An immunologic
hypersensitivity reaction resulting from the unusual sensitivity of a
patient to a particular medication; a type of adverse drug event.
Idiosyncratic or paradoxical reaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-When a
drug may cause a totally unexpected and often opposite effect in
a few patients
Carcinogenic reaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-medications and
environmental chemicals that are thought to cause cancer
Teratogenic reaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Refers to the drug
induced damage that develops in the fetus
,Beneficial potentiative drug-drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
Aspirin and Codeine are both analgesic drugs and when
administered concurrently the combo provides better pain relief
than either one alone. What type of drug interaction is this?
Beneficial Potentiative Drug-Drug Interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
Use of Beta Blockers and Diuretics together for hypertension will
provide better control blood pressure. What type of drug
interaction is this?
Harmful potentiative Drug-Drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
Use of diazepam together with Morphine will have additive CNS
depression and could lead to respiratory distress. What type of
drug interaction is this?
Harmful potentiative Drug-Drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
Concurrent use of aspirin with Coumadin will significantly increase
each others inhibitory effects on blood coagulation, resulting in an
increase risk for bleeding. What type of drug interaction is this?
Beneficial inhibitory drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Use of
Naloxone after an overdose of Meperidine is an example of what
type of drug interaction?
Beneficial inhibitory drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Giving
Protamine when there is excessive bleeding from overdose of
Heparin is an example of what type of drug interaction?
Harmful inhibitory drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Giving
Naloxone to a patient who is physically dependent to Morphine
will reverse Morphines effects provoking an acute withdrawal
syndrome. What type of drug interaction is this?
, Harmful inhibitory drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-
Administering loperamide and Milk of Magnesia together will
cancel each others actions producing no benefit for the patient
either way. What type of drug interaction is this?
Harmful inhibitory drug interaction - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Injecting
NPH insulin into a bottle of regular insulin causing a precipitate
and inactivation of the regular insulin is an example of what type
of drug interaction?
Pharmacokinetic Drug interctions - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-type of drug-
drug interaction that occurs when the pharmacokinetics of one
drug alter the clinical effects of another drug by altering its
pharmacokinetics
Thiazide Diuretics - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-act in the distal tubule to
block the reabsorption of the filtered load of NaCl from the
nephron back to the blood. They have a natriuretic effect and
promote renal excretion of sodium and water. The amount of
water in the blood is then decreased which decreases stroke
volume and cardiac output therefore decreasing blood pressure.
Thiazide diuretics - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Very effective in AA and salt
sensitive types of hypertension
Thiazide Diuretics - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-BP medication that
commonly causes hypokalemia, hyponatremia, and
hypochoremia
Thiazides increase serum glucose and cause hyperglycemia, they
also impair the release of insulin by the pancreas and inhibit
tissue utilization of insulin - ✔✔ANSWER✔✔-Which BP
medications should not be used in diabetics, or used with extreme
caution?
